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在制定法国家,司法推理是司法者根据法律规范和认定的法律事实对个案做出处理结论的逻辑思维活动。其大前提是裁判规范;小前提是裁判事实;结论是对案件的处理结果。由此,裁判规范、裁判事实、裁判结论是司法三段论的“三要素”。裁判规范的确定,即大前提的取得是司法三段论的关键环节。司法推理大前提的建构即是法律发现和法律解释的过程,无论是发现法律、还是解释法律都需要进行价值判断。价值判断是解决案件事实难以涵摄法律规范、协调法律规定之间的冲突、填补法律漏洞、建构司法三段论大前提的重要方式。
Judicial reasoning is the logic thinking activity of the judiciary in handling the case based on legal norms and identified legal facts. The main premise is the referee norms; the small premise is the referee fact; the conclusion is the result of the handling of the case. Thus, the norms of adjudication, the facts of adjudication and the conclusion of adjudication are the “three elements” of syllogism of judiciary. The determination of the criterion of adjudication, that is, the acquisition of the major premise, is the key link of the syllogism of justice. The construction of judicial reasoning premise is the process of law discovery and legal interpretation. Whether it is to discover the law or to explain the law, the value judgment needs to be carried out. Judgment of value is an important way to solve the major fact that the facts of the case are difficult to capture the legal norms, to coordinate the conflict between the legal provisions, to fill the loopholes in law and to construct the premise of the syllogism of the judiciary.