从上世纪80年代开始,从中央到地方的传媒单位在人事管理和使用上实行固定工和招聘工两种制度(以下简称“双轨制”)。这一新情况对传媒的生存发展产生了和继续产生着越来越大的影响。新闻单位用人“双轨制”是改革深化的产物。改革开放后,伴随着市场经济的发展和市场竞争的形成,传媒业“铁饭碗”已经无法再端下去了。但是由于多种原因,传媒单位对过去的员工很大程度上采取了维持现状的做法,而对新进的人,新创办的媒体则完全按市场机制进行。这就是近年来普遍实行的“新人新办法,老人老办法”的用人“双轨 Since the 1980s, the media units from the central government to localities have implemented two systems of fixed workers and recruiters (hereinafter referred to as “dual system”) in personnel management and use. This new situation has had and continues to exert a growing influence on the survival and development of the media. The “double-track system” for employers of news units is the product of deepening reform. After the reform and opening up, with the development of the market economy and the formation of market competition, the “iron rice bowl” for the media industry can no longer be endured. However, for many reasons, media organizations have largely adopted the status quo as they used to be for past employees. For newcomers, newly created media are fully market-based. This is the common practice in recent years, “the new new methods, the elderly old way,” the use of "dual-track