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为探索不同花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种的旱后恢复能力,研究花生品种耐旱性与光合特性的关系,通过盆栽土壤水分控制实验,测定了12个花生品种苗期对干旱胁迫与复水过程的光合响应特征,并讨论了所测各性状参数与抗旱性强弱的关系,包括对水分胁迫伤害的修复能力。结果表明,根据苗期生物量抗旱系数,‘山花11号’、‘如皋西洋生’、‘A596’、‘山花9号’、‘农大818’的抗旱性较强,且复水后植株产生超补偿生长效应,补偿生长能力与抗旱性呈极显著正相关。叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)随干旱进程逐渐降低,复水后逐渐增加,抗旱性强的花生品种变幅较小。干旱7天,大多数花生品种的光合参数值未有显著性差异。干旱14天,抗旱性越强的花生品种光合参数值越高,不同抗旱性花生品种的光合参数值有显著差异。‘山花11号’、‘如皋西洋生’、‘A596’、‘山花9号’的Pn、Gs、ΦPSII、Fv/Fm、qP在复水5天时恢复至对照水平,复水10天时超过对照,‘79266’、‘ICG6848’、‘白沙1016’、‘花17’在复水10天时仍未达到对照水平,复水过程中抗旱性强的品种的光合参数显著高于抗旱性弱的品种。相关分析表明,干旱胁迫14天和复水5天后,花生的Pn、ΦPSII、Fv/Fm、qP与品种抗旱性呈极显著正相关。因此,可在苗期用40%土壤相对含水量胁迫14天及复水5天时花生的Pn、ΦPSII、Fv/Fm、qP鉴定品种的干旱伤害程度及修复能力,‘山花11号’可作为强干旱适应性鉴定的标准品种。
In order to explore the drought recovery ability of different Arachis hypogaea cultivars, the relationship between drought tolerance and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut cultivars was studied. The soil moisture control experiments were conducted to determine the effects of drought stress and rehydration on the 12 peanut cultivars Photosynthetic response characteristics, and discussed the relationship between the measured parameters and drought resistance, including the ability to repair water stress injury. The results showed that drought resistance of ’Shanhua 11’, ’Rugao Xiyangsan’, ’A596’, ’Shanhua 9’ and ’Nongda 818’ were stronger under the drought resistance coefficient of seedling biomass, Compensatory growth effect, compensatory growth ability and drought resistance were extremely significant positive correlation. Pn, Gs, Ci, Fv / Fm, ΦPSII, and qP of leaves were gradually increased Decreased gradually, and then increased gradually after rewatering. The variety of drought-resistant peanut varied slightly. After 7 days of drought, photosynthetic parameters of most peanut varieties had no significant difference. The photosynthetic parameters of peanut varieties with higher drought resistance were higher at 14 days of drought stress, and the photosynthetic parameters of peanut varieties with different drought resistance were significantly different. Pn, Gs, ΦPSII, Fv / Fm, qP of ’Shanhua 11’, ’Rugao Western Yang’, ’A596’ and ’Shanhua 9’ returned to the control level after 5 days of rewatering, The photosynthetic parameters of ’79266’, ’ICG6848’, ’Baisha 1016’ and ’Hua 17’ did not reach the control level at the 10th day of rewatering, and the photosynthetic parameters of the drought-resistant rewaters were significantly higher than that of the drought-resistant ones. Correlation analysis showed that Pn, ΦPSII, Fv / Fm and qP of peanut were significantly and positively correlated with the drought resistance of the varieties after 14 days of drought stress and 5 days of rewatering. Therefore, Pn, ΦPSII, Fv / Fm, qP could be used to identify the degree of drought injury and the ability to repair the peanut at the seedling stage with relative water content of 40% for 14 days and rewatering for 5 days. Shanhua 11 could be used as strong Criteria for drought suitability identification.