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利用1990至2009期间的东北三省46个农业气象台站的观测记录,通过计算玉米出苗期、成熟期和生育期长度等物候期特征的年变化率(θ),分析了气候变化背景下东北三省玉米物候期对生长季气温条件变化的响应特征。结果表明:(1)研究期间,东北三省大部分地区5月和9月均温都出现了上升趋势,温度生长期天数持续增加;(2)在气候增温背景下,玉米主要物候期均出现了不同程度的变化与响应,其中出苗期表现为提前态势(0.02<θ<0.15 d/a)、成熟期推迟(0.18<θ<0.38 d/a)和生育期长度增长(0.22<θ<0.44 d/a)的趋势,生育期长度的增加反映了为了充分利用增温带来的适宜发育期,作物熟型从中早熟型调整为中晚熟型的适应过程;(3)由于种植区的空间差异,物候期的响应和变化亦体现出区域差异,其中松嫩平原北部、吉林省中东部和辽宁省中部的响应关系较为明显。总体上,东北三省生长季气温条件变化使作物生长期内温度适宜程度偏好,有利于早种晚收、生育期长的玉米品种。
Based on the observation records of 46 agro-meteorological stations in three provinces of Northeast China from 1990 to 2009, the annual change rate (θ) of phenophase characteristics such as seedling emergence, maturity and growth period of maize was analyzed. The effects of climate change on maize Response Characteristics of Phenology to Changes of Air Temperature in Growing Season. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the average temperature in May and September increased in most parts of Northeast China and the number of days in temperature growing continued to increase; (2) Under the background of climate warming, the main phenophase of corn appeared (0.02 <θ <0.15 d / a), delayed maturation (0.18 <θ <0.38 d / a) and growth period (0.22 <θ <0.44 d / a). The increase of the length of the growing period reflected the adaptation process of the crop type from middle-early-maturity to middle-late-maturity in order to make full use of the suitable growth period brought by the warming; (3) Due to the spatial difference of the planting area, The response and change of the phenophase also showed the regional differences. The response relationship between the northern Songnen Plain, the eastern part of Jilin Province and the middle part of Liaoning Province was obvious. In general, the change of temperature conditions during the growing season in the three northeastern provinces favored the appropriate degree of temperature during the crop growth period, which is conducive to maize varieties with early harvest and late harvest and long growth period.