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目的:考察蒙古苍耳草乙醇提取物对屋尘螨诱导的小鼠过敏性哮喘气道炎症的影响，探讨其作用机制。方法:将小鼠按随机数字表法分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组及低、中、高剂量组，每组6只。低、中、高剂量组灌胃蒙古苍耳草乙醇提取物100、200、400 mg/kg，阳性对照组灌胃1.56 mg/kg沙丁胺醇溶液，空白组和模型组小鼠灌胃等体积溶剂，1次/d，连续8 d。除空白组外，其余各组小鼠于给药后第3、4、5天以屋尘螨致敏建立小鼠哮喘模型。给药结束后观察小鼠血中嗜酸性粒细胞、支气管灌流液中总细胞和中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞数目变化情况；采用ELISA法测定血清中IgE水平，支气管灌流液和肺组织中IL-4、IL-5、IL-10和IL-13水平；采用HE和过碘酸雪夫染色(periodic acid-schiff stain, PAS)观察小鼠支气管平滑肌病理和炎症变化。结果:与模型组比较，中、高剂量组血中嗜酸性粒细胞计数下降(n P<0.01或n P<0.05)，支气管灌流液中总细胞和巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞计数降低(n P<0.01)，支气管灌流液中IL-4[(142.59±16.51)ng/L、(70.47±20.63)ng/L比(212.18±58.51)ng/L]、IL-5[(57.49±5.49)ng/L、(47.47±6.30)ng/L比(72.65±19.11)ng/L]、IL-10[(98.51±18.31)ng/L、(71.85±9.15)ng/L比(120.16±23.35)ng/L]、IL-13[(85.81±23.66)ng/L、(39.99±17.37)ng/L比(149.07±33.19)ng/L]水平降低(n P<0.05)，肺组织中IL-4[(154.55±25.70)ng/L、(143.30±22.19)ng/L比(214.68±31.95)ng/L]、IL-5[(87.49±5.95)ng/L、(61.84±8.14)ng/L比(97.65±12.10)ng/L]、IL-10[(91.28±18.69)ng/L、(62.04±9.39)ng/L比(117.80±20.72)ng/L]、IL-13[(196.48±15.90)ng/L、(132.02±6.86)ng/L比(238.42±28.41)ng/L]水平降低(n P<0.05)，高剂量组血清中IgE水平明显降低(n P<0.01)。n 结论:蒙古苍耳草对屋尘螨诱导的过敏性哮喘有明显抑制作用，其可能是通过抑制肺部巨噬细胞分泌炎性细胞因子发挥作用。“,”Objective:To investigate the effect of n Xanthium mongolicum Kitag. ethanol extract (EXM) on airway inflammation induced by house dust mite (HDM) in mice with allergic asthma, and to explore the possible mechanism.n Methods:The mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive control group and low, medium and high dose groups, with 6 mice in each group. The low, medium and high dose groups were intragastrically administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of EXM, and the positive control group was given 1.56 mg/kg salbutamol solution. Mice in the blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with equal volume of solvent, once a day for 8 consecutive days. Except the blank group, the other groups were sensitized with HDM on the 3rd, 4th and 5th days after administration to establish asthma models. After administration, the number of eosinophils (EOS), total cells and various kinds of cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and EOS) in bronchial irrigation fluid (BALF) of mice were observed. The levels of serum IgE and inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) in BALF and lung tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological and inflammatory changes of bronchial smooth muscle in mice were observed by HE and PAS.Results:Compared with the model group, the number of EOS significantly decreased (n P<0.01 orn P<0.05), the total cells count, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and EOS in BALF significantly decreased (n P<0.01), the content of IL-4 (142.59 ± 16.51 ng/L, 70.47 ± 20.63 ng/Ln vs. 212.18 ± 58.51 ng/L), IL-5 (57.49 ± 5.49 ng/L, 47.47 ± 6.30 ng/L n vs. 72.65 ± 19.11 ng/L), IL-10 (98.51 ± 18.31 ng/L, 71.85 ± 9.15 ng/Ln vs. 120.16 ± 23.35 ng/L), IL-13 (85.81 ± 23.66 ng/L, 39.99 ± 17.37 ng/L n vs. 149.07 ± 33.19 ng/L) in BALF significantly decreased (n P<0.05), and the content of IL-4 (154.55 ± 25.70 ng/L, 143.30 ± 22.19 ng/Ln vs. 214.68 ± 31.95 ng/L), IL-5 (87.49 ± 5.95 ng/L, 61.84 ± 8.14 ng/L n vs. 97.65 ± 12.10 ng/L), IL-10 (91.28 ± 18.69 ng/L, 62.04 ± 9.39 ng/L n vs. 117.80 ± 20.72 ng/L), IL-13 (196.48 ± 15.90 ng/L, 132.02 ± 6.86 ng/L n vs. 238.42 ± 28.41 ng/L) in lung homogenate significantly decreased (n P<0.05), the serum IgE level in the high dose group significantly increased (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:The n Xanthium mongolicum Kitag. can inhibit allergic asthma induced by HDM, which may be through inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by pulmonary macrophages.n