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森林凋落物是森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动中的重要结构和功能单元,具有不可替代的生态学作用,我国在森林凋落物方面已经开展了大量研究工作,但全国大尺度范围内森林凋落物的综合性研究还很少见报道.本研究收集整理了1970~2014年发表的308组中国天然林年凋落物量数据,观测地点分布范围为北纬18°15′~51°30′,东经82°53′~129°06′,海拔0~3828 m,涵盖了中国主要森林类型.研究表明,从寒温带、温带、亚热带到热带,中国天然林年凋落物量呈逐渐增加趋势,平均值分别为2.45,3.56,6.66和9.30 t hm-2.凋落物随着纬度升高呈明显下降趋势,纬度每升高1°,森林年凋落物量下降0.19~0.27 t hm-2.在全国尺度上天然林年凋落物量主要受热量因子调控,等效纬度(综合考虑了纬度与海拔的影响)和年均温均可以解释年凋落物量约60%的变化情况,随着凋落物量观测时间延长其相关性进一步得到提高,如2或3年以上观测时长的解释率分别提高约11%和15%.本研究结果可为森林生态系统管理与林火预测提供森林凋落物的定量参考.
Forest litter is an important structural and functional unit in the material circulation and energy flow of forest ecosystems and plays an irreplaceable ecological role. A great deal of research work has been done on forest litter in our country. However, the forest litter Is still rarely reported.In this study, the litterfall data of 308 natural forests in China published from 1970 to 2014 were collected and distributed in the range of latitude 18 ° 15 ’~ 51 ° 30’ and longitude 82 ° E 53 ~ 129 ° 06 ’and 0 ~ 3828 m above sea level, covering the main forest types in China.The study shows that the litterfall of natural forests in China gradually increases from cold temperate zone, temperate zone and subtropical zone to tropical zone with the average values of 2.45 , 3.56, 6.66 and 9.30 t hm-2, respectively.When the latitude increased by 1 °, the litterfall decreased by 0.19-0.27 t hm-2 in every forest year The amount of litterfall was mainly controlled by the caloric factor, and the equivalent latitude (considering the effect of latitude and altitude) and annual average temperature could explain about 60% of the annual litterfall change. With the increase of litterfall observation time, Step improved, long explanation was increased by 11% and 15% or higher, such as 2 or 3 years of observation. The results of this study can be forest fire systems management and provide a quantitative prediction reference forest ecosystems of forest litter.