红景天是很多国家传统医学中常用的草药，其提取物具有抗炎、免疫调节和抗癌等多种生物活性。文章从诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、影响细胞周期，抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、增强机体抗肿瘤免疫应答、诱导自噬、调控肿瘤血管生成和逆转肿瘤耐药等六个方面概述了红景天及其活性提取物的抗癌活性，并详细介绍了红景天发挥上述作用涉及的分子机制及其信号通路，为红景天的临床应用提供理论依据。“,”Rhodiola is a kind of herb commonly used in traditional medicine in many countries. Its extract has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities. This paper reviews Rhodiola and its active extracts from six aspects, including inducing tumor cell apoptosis, affecting the cell cycle, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, enhancing the body's anti-tumor immune response, inducing autophagy, regulating tumor angiogenesis, and reversing tumor resistance. At the same time, the anti-cancer activity of the drug, the molecular mechanisms and signal pathways involved in Rhodiola exerting the above functions are also introduced in detail, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Rhodiola.