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近年来，随着糖尿病发病率的逐年升高，糖尿病角膜病变逐渐引起临床医生的重视。糖尿病角膜病变主要表现为角膜上皮愈合延迟、角膜水肿、角膜敏感性下降、神经营养性角膜溃疡等。糖尿病角膜病变的发病机制很多，包括异常代谢产物蓄积、炎症反应、氧化应激、神经营养因子的缺乏、角膜缘干细胞异常等。目前国内外大部分关于糖尿病角膜病变的研究主要集中在上皮损伤修复和神经功能的改变，病理机制主要是炎症反应和细胞凋亡。核因子-κB(NF-κB)是重要的转录调控因子，参与调控炎性因子、趋化因子、凋亡相关基因、生长因子等靶基因的表达。已有大量研究报道，NF-κB信号通路参与糖尿病角膜上皮的慢性炎症和上皮细胞凋亡的调控，同时也参与调控糖尿病周围神经病变，而糖尿病角膜神经病变属于糖尿病周围神经病变。NF-κB信号通路与糖尿病角膜病变的发生和发展过程密切相关，本文主要就其作用机制进行综述。“,”In recent years, with the increasing incidence of diabetes, diabetic keratopathy has gradually attracted more attention from clinicians.Diabetic keratopathy is mainly manifested as delayed corneal epithelial healing, corneal edema, decreased corneal sensitivity, and neurotrophic corneal ulcer.There are many mechanisms of diabetic keratopathy, including the abnormal accumulation of metabolites, an inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, the lack of neurotrophic factors, corneal limbal stem cell abnormalities, etc.At present, most of the research on diabetic keratopathy at home and abroad has mainly focused on epithelial damage repair and changes in nerve function, and the pathological mechanism is mainly inflammatory response and apoptosis.Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) is an important transcription regulatory factor, and is involved in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, apoptosis-related genes, growth factors, and other target genes.Studies have reported that chronic inflammation and epithelial cell apoptosis of the diabetic corneal epithelium are involved in the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is also involved in the regulation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic corneal neuropathy belongs to the category of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.The NF-κB signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic keratopathy, and this article summarizes its mechanism.