顾客导向是根本,竞争导向是手段我曾认为,只有行业领先者才会真正奉行以顾客为导向的营销,其他企业则奉行以竞争为导向的营销;我也曾力主中国企业应该奉行竞争导向,其逻辑是:跨国公司研究顾客 Customer orientation is fundamental, and competitive orientation is the means I once believed that only the industry leader will truly pursue customer-oriented marketing, while other companies will pursue competition-oriented marketing; I also once advocate that Chinese companies should pursue a competitive orientation. The logic is: multinational companies study customers