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人们研究曾国藩“礼学经世”的主张,对“礼”的内涵不够重视,或者泛泛而谈,或者把“礼”当作是笼统的道德规范,而忽视其中宗教仪式性的内容,其实是从现代人的世俗心态出发,滤去该主张的政教合一色彩。从曾氏担任总督期间送痘神和求雨求晴的活动入手,探讨“礼学经世”的这一层面在当时社会生活中的来源,看仪式过程中地方风俗和朝廷典制如何互动﹑合作。送痘神是曾氏行送神之礼,为百姓祈求免灾,一方面使私人行为得到升华,另一方面也收揽人心。求雨求晴,则可以看到他把龙神崇拜推向中心,在天人关系中掌握主动权的尝试。两者都反映他平乱以后把有利于统治的民间信仰纳入正统,重建礼仪秩序的努力。
People study Tseng Kuo-fan’s idea of “ritual learning through the world”, not paying enough attention to the connotation of “ritual”, or talking about “rites” in general terms and ignoring religious rituals Sexual content, in fact, is based on the mundane mentality of modern people, filtering out the claimed unity of religion and politics. Beginning with Zeng’s activities of delivering pox and pleading for rain during the Governor’s Dept of History, this essay explores the origin of this level of “ritual study and life” in the social life at that time, and looks at the local customs and court system in the ceremony Interaction, cooperation. Send pox God is Zeng’s line to send God’s gift, for the people pray for disaster relief, on the one hand private behavior has been sublimated, on the other hand also receive people’s hearts. Seek rain and clear, you can see him to drag the worship of Dragon God to grasp the initiative in the relationship between man and nature attempt. Both reflect his efforts to bring the ruling pro-folk beliefs into the orthodoxy and to rebuild the ritual order after he has fluttered.