王国维和蔡元培是中国近代美育史上最具影响力的人物。他们有着深厚的中西文化积淀,美学观都以康德哲学为基础,美育思想都闪耀着人文主义的光芒,但二者的美育思想内容又有很大的区别。本文就以比较的视野,从美育的目的和美育与宗教的关系方面揭示二者的异同,并进一步论及对当代美育的启示。 Wang Guowei and Cai Yuanpei are the most influential figures in the history of modern aesthetic education in modern China. They have a profound accumulation of Chinese and Western cultures. Aesthetics is based on Kant’s philosophy. Aesthetic education shines with humanism. However, there is a great difference between the two in the aesthetic education. This article, on a comparative perspective, reveals the similarities and differences between aesthetic education and aesthetic education through the purpose of aesthetic education and religion, and further discusses the enlightenment on contemporary aesthetic education.