论文部分内容阅读
在美国三权分立政体下,对外贸易法律的制定和执行是国会、总统交互作用的复杂过程。国会一方面通过授权总统扩大自由贸易;另一方面又建立完善的进口救济制度来平衡贸易保护主义的利益。国会还把相当的权力委托给国际贸易法院由其行使司法审查权,防止行政机关滥用授权。美国贸易政策的制订权往往是在行政部门和立法部门之间进行分配,法院通常奉行“司法克制”的态度,通常避免就国会和总统之间在对外政策领域的权力关系问题进行裁决。但其一旦决定介入,必然成为最终的决定性因素。
Under the regime of the separation of powers in the United States, the formulation and implementation of the law of foreign trade is a complicated process of the interaction between the legislature and the president. On the one hand, the Congress enlarged the free trade by authorizing the president; on the other hand, it established a perfect import relief system to balance the interests of trade protectionism. Congress also delegated considerable power to the International Trade Court to exercise its power of judicial review and prevent abuse of authority by the executive. The formulation of trade policy in the United States tends to be distributed among the executive branch and the legislature. The court usually adopts the “judicial restraint” attitude and usually avoids adjudicating the power relations between the parliament and the president in the field of foreign policy. However, once it decides to intervene, it will inevitably become the ultimate decisive factor.