道德建设作为社会主义精神文明建设的重要组成部分,对于社会主义核心价值体系的建立和公民社会主义荣辱观的树立至关重要。为了给构建和谐社会提供历史借鉴,本文从近代中国思想家公德观入手,对此问题进行了研究。近代思想家从救亡图存的爱国之情出发,批判“各恤其私”的传统观念,认为公德是国家和民族的凝聚力,是群体之灵魂,国家之元气,提倡培养民众的公德意识。合群进化是近代中国公德思想的理论基础。近代公德思想与救亡图存的爱国意识紧密相连。 As an important part of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, moral construction is of crucial importance to the establishment of the socialist core value system and the establishment of a socialist concept of honor and disgrace. In order to provide a historical reference for the construction of a harmonious society, this article starts with the contemporary Chinese thinkers’ morality and ethics, and studies the problem. Based on the patriotism of saving the nation, the modern thinkers criticized the traditional concept of “individuality of each individual”. They think that public morality is the cohesion of the nation and the nation, the soul of the group, the strength of the country, and the awareness raising of public morality. The evolution of cohesion is the theoretical basis of modern Chinese morality. The modern public morality is closely linked with the patriotic consciousness of saving the nation.