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森林生态系统具有重要的碳汇作用。目前,碳汇价格可以通过碳交易、碳税和固碳项目实际成本3种机制实现。本研究从森林植被碳汇功能发挥的过程出发,认为森林植被碳汇价值包括碳固定价值和碳蓄积价值两部分。在此基础上以樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)为例,采用固碳项目实际成本,模拟了森林植被在100年的生命历程中碳汇价值的动态变化过程。研究表明,单株樟子松碳固定的物理量和价值量动态过程曲线都呈倒“U”型;碳蓄积的物理量和价值量动态过程曲线都近似呈“S”型。在碳固定和碳蓄积价值叠加下,碳汇价值流量过程曲线近似呈“S”型,且逐渐趋近碳蓄积价值流量曲线。100年内,樟子松的碳汇总价值(资产价值)随着林龄逐渐增大,其中碳蓄积价值所占的比重逐渐增加。樟子松林分碳汇价值曲线与单株树木的曲线不完全相同,但是基本形态一致。
Forest ecosystems have important carbon sinks. At present, the price of carbon sinks can be achieved through three mechanisms: carbon trading, carbon tax and actual cost of carbon sequestration projects. Based on the process of carbon sink function of forest vegetation, this study considers that the carbon sink value of forest vegetation includes carbon fixed value and carbon storage value. Based on this, taking Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica as an example, the actual cost of carbon sequestration project was used to simulate the dynamic change of carbon sequestration value over 100 years of life in forest vegetation. The results show that both the physical and quantitative dynamic process curves of single Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica plant are inversed “U ” type. The physical volume of carbon storage and the dynamic process of value volume are approximately “S ”. Under the superposition of carbon fixation and carbon accumulation, the curve of carbon value flow is approximately “S” and gradually approaches the curve of carbon accumulation value. Within 100 years, the total value of carbon sinks (asset value) of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica increased gradually with age, and the proportion of carbon storage value gradually increased. The curve of carbon sequestration value of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica is not exactly the same as that of single tree, but the basic form is the same.