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长余辉纳米粒子由于其特殊的发光现象、超长的余辉寿命、可实现免原位激发以及光谱发射区域可被调控至“生物光学透明窗口”内等特征而被广泛应用于光学传感检测和生物医学成像领域。近年来,长余辉纳米发光探针的合成和应用吸引了光谱学、声子学、光化学、材料科学领域的极大关注。本文对长余辉纳米分子探针的合成方法、颗粒表面功能化及其作为靶向探针在体内和体外进行传感检测及活体成像的应用进行深入探讨。本文主要讨论Mn~(2+)和Cr~(3+)掺杂的红色-近红外发光纳米材料,特别是镓锗酸盐,其具有强烈的近红外持续发光,超过两周的余辉寿命更适合于生物成像的应用。功能化的红色近红外长余辉纳米材料为长期实时监测体内生理学过程和疾病的诊断提供有前景的技术平台。最后本文对长余辉材料应用面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势进行了展望。
Long afterglow nanoparticles are widely used in optical sensing due to their special luminescence, long afterglow lifetime, free from in situ excitation, and the spectral emission region can be controlled to within the “bio-optical transparent window” Detection and Biomedical Imaging. In recent years, the synthesis and application of long-lasting nanoluminescent probes have drawn great attention in the fields of spectroscopy, phonon, photochemistry and materials science. In this paper, the synthesis of long-lasting nanoparticle probes, the functionalization of particle surfaces and their applications as target probes in vitro and in vivo for sensing and in vivo imaging are discussed in detail. In this paper, the red and near-infrared light-emitting nanomaterials doped with Mn 2+ and Cr 3+, especially gallium germanate, have been studied. They have strong near-infrared light emission and more than two weeks afterglow life Suitable for bio-imaging applications. The functionalized red near-infrared long-lasting nanomaterials provide a promising technology platform for the long-term real-time monitoring of in vivo physiological processes and diseases. Finally, the paper presents the prospects for the application of long afterglow materials and the future development trends.