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本文以傣雅语为中心,以西双版纳、德宏两种傣语和曼谷泰语为参照来证明台语的阳声-am(-a:m)韵和入声-ap(-a:p)韵里的许多词项可以跟广州话里的这些词项相比较。与台语-am(-a:m) 韵相对应的广州说法主要集中于-a:m,-am,-i:m三韵;与台语-ap(-a:p)韵相对应的广州说法主要集中于-a:p,-ap,-i:p三韵。台语-am(-a:m)韵里的一小部份跟广州-?:η,-oη对应,台语-ap(-a:p)韵里的一小部份跟广州-?:k,-ok对应,说明台语和广州话之间不但有-m,-η交替现象(参看邢公畹,1986),而且有-p,-k交替现象。汉语和台语不是一种语言的两处方言,所以不能直接用广州话来跟傣雅语相比,只能通过古代文献的查找和上古音构拟形式的检验,才能进行推勘。就是说先列出同一词项的台语四种说法及李方桂所拟原始台语声母,再从汉语里找出可以对应的“字”,写出它的上古音、中古音和广州话说法。所以广州话说法常常表现为这个字的现代广州读音。本文所用符号,请参看《民族语文》1989年第1期,拙作《论汉语台语“关系字”的研究》1.3.节(第14—15页)的说明。
In this paper, Dai Ya language as the center, to Xishuangbanna, Dehong two Dai language and Bangkok Thai as a reference to prove the Taiwanese yin sound -am (-a: m) rhyme and sound-ap (r Many of the terms in the Cantonese dialect can be compared to these terms. The Guangzhou dialect corresponding to the Tai -am (-a: m) rhyme mainly focuses on -a: m, -am, -i: m rhyme; corresponds to the Tai-ap (-a: Guangzhou saying mainly in-a: p, -ap, -i: p three rhyme. A small part of the Tai -am (-a: m) rhyme corresponds to Guangzhou: ?: η, -oη, a small part of Tai-pia (-a: p) k, -ok corresponding, indicating that not only between the Taiwanese and Cantonese-m, -η alternation phenomenon (see Xing Gong 畹, 1986), but also-p, -k alternate phenomenon. Chinese and Taiwanese are not two dialects of one language. Therefore, we can not directly compare the Dai dialect with Cantonese in Cantonese only through the search of ancient documents and the test of the ancient phonetic structure. That is to say, the first four Taiwanese versions of the same term and the original Taiwanese initials written by Li Fanggui should be used to find the corresponding “word” in Chinese and to write out its ancient Chinese, middle ancient Chinese and Cantonese. Therefore, the Guangzhou dialect is often expressed as the modern Guangzhou pronunciation of this word. For the symbols used in this article, please refer to Section 1.3 (p.14-15) of “The Study of Relation Words in Chinese Taiwanese”, National Language, No. 1, 1989.