和谐社会强调人、自然与社会的协调发展,公民责任意识牵引着个人对国家和公共事务的情感,维系着人与人、人与社会的和谐关系,是现代社会公民必备的个性品质,构建和谐社会迫切需要具有高度责任感的公民。培育和提高公民的责任意识,造就具有积极行为能力的现代公民是我国当前面临的一项重要课题。文章依据马克思主义关于个人与社会的关系原理、公民资格理论等分析了公民承担责任的必然性,并从社会制度、公共生活环境和政府责任等方面论述了培育公民责任意识的社会条件。在此基础上提出和谐社会建设中培育提高公民责任意识的基本理念与现实路径。 Harmonious society emphasizes the coordinated development of people and nature and society. The sense of civic responsibility draws the individual’s emotions towards the state and public affairs, and maintains the harmonious relationship among people, people and society. It is the essential individual character of modern society and citizens to construct A harmonious society urgently needs citizens with a high sense of responsibility. To cultivate and raise the citizen’s sense of responsibility and create a modern citizen with positive abilities is an important issue currently facing our country. The article analyzes the inevitability of citizen’s responsibility according to the Marxist principle of relationship between individuals and society, the theory of citizenship, and discusses the social conditions of cultivating citizen’s responsibility consciousness from the aspects of social system, public life environment and government responsibility. On this basis, we put forward the basic idea and realistic path of cultivating the awareness of citizen’s responsibility in the construction of a harmonious society.