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【摘要】2015年台州市英语中考新增语法填空题型，成为考试的重要难点之一。语法填空题型可以检测出学生综合英语素质能力水平。因此，如何攻克语法填空这一难点，指导学生掌握一定的解题技巧和方法，成了本文主要探讨的内容。
【关键词】初中英语;语法填空;解题策略
【作者简介】郑凤娟，台州初级中学。
语法填空题型是从语法的角度对短文部分进行适当的分散性挖空，考查方式包括提示性填空、自由填空等。语法填空题型的出现，将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一改变体现了新课改将英语重点由语法知识转变到语法技能，以及当下英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调语篇在英语能力和应用中的重要性。
面对题型的变化，明确题型的特点和解题策略显得格外重要。笔者通过分析2015～2018年台州市中考英语语法填空题的命题特点，结合自己的教学经验，做出如下归纳：
一、台州市中考英语近四年语法填空题的图表分析
1.2015～2018年台州市中考英语语法填空题测试项目统计（见表一）。
从表1可以看出，语法填空题常考的实词（给出提示词）是动词、名词、形容词和代词;常考的虚词有（无提示词）是介词、冠词和连词，个别代词如it ， either 也是作虚词进行考查。
2. 2015～2018年台州市中考英语语法填空各小题命题特点分析（见表2）
根据表2可知，时态、非谓语动词是必考题;词性转换也是必考题，其中包括名词转形容词、形容词转副词;名词单复数及所有格也是必考题。
二、语篇型语法填空题解题技巧
1.解题步骤。学生在做语法填空题的时，应遵循如下解题步骤：（1）要通篇阅读，掌握文章的主旨大意和内容。（2）把10个填空题按其有无提示词分成两大类。（3）分析句子结构，判断空白处填入的詞的词性、时态、语态。（4）重读全文，排除误漏。
2.有提示词填空题的常考点。有提示词通常考查动词、名词、形容词和代词。笔者根据自己的教学经验，结合近四年台州市英语中考语法填空考点分析表，设计了以下有提示词填空题思维导图，可以让学生更好地掌握语法填空题的解题技巧。
思维导图1：有提示词填空题
下面我们以台州市2017年英语中考语法填空题为例，结合思维导图1，对该试题中的有提示词填空题进行分析。
Two？simple？words？“thank？you”？have？made？a？big？difference？to？thousands？of？fireman？in？New？York？City.
Savannah？is？61_________？girl？from？Texas.？“ I was trying to think？62_________I could help them out.” she says， After hearing about sacrifice made by fireman， she ？63_________ （move） by the risks they face. ？64_________Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them to show how much I care about them.
“I told the firemen thank you，” Savannah recalls. “They are always there to help you.”
Savannah decided 65_________ （keep） making cards. For the next seven months， she woke up early to paint and color and cut. In that time， she 66_________ （send） 1，600 cards with bite-sized candy while meeting her 67_________ （hero）. Soon， fire station started thanking her.
Once too shy to give a speech at school. 68_________is easy now for Savannah to speak regularly to fireman and school students. She is quite different 69_________what she used to be.
“She is saying how 70_________ （thank） she is for them！” Savannah’s mom， Debbie says. “Savannah sees that stepping out and doing something can really make a difference.”
这篇文章中63、65、66、67、70等5个题为有提示词。其中 63、65、66题提示词为动词，其中一个必填非谓语动词，65题前面已经有谓语动词，所以65题必须填 to keep，63和66题句子缺谓语，通常情况下，一个使用主动语态，另一个使用被动语态。根据谓语动词与主语的关系，我们就可以确定63题填 was moved， 66题填 sent。67、70题提示词为名词，67题名词后面没有另一个名词，所以我们可以确定应该填写该名词的复数形式heroes。70题所在句子为感叹句，how 后面要接形容词或副词，名词一般情况下不直接转换成副词，所以这里填的应是形容词thankful。 3.无提示词填空题的常考点。
无提示词通常考查介词、冠词、连词或部分代词。
思维导图2：无提示词填空题
我们以台州市2018年英语中考语法填空题为例，结合思维导图2进行解题技巧指导。
At the end of the term， our ethic professor gave us a test. He had told us 61_______ （expect） one and had warned us it would be included in the final grade.
The test began Sure enough， I was 62_______ confident that I finished all the questions after forty 63_______ （minute） except the very last one. What is the name of the woman who cleans the lecture hall？
I thought it was 64_______ joke. I’d seen the woman many times. She had been working in the building for at least a year. She is short 65_______black hair. We’d even smiled at each other once or twice.
【关键词】初中英语;语法填空;解题策略
【作者简介】郑凤娟，台州初级中学。
语法填空题型是从语法的角度对短文部分进行适当的分散性挖空，考查方式包括提示性填空、自由填空等。语法填空题型的出现，将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一改变体现了新课改将英语重点由语法知识转变到语法技能，以及当下英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调语篇在英语能力和应用中的重要性。
面对题型的变化，明确题型的特点和解题策略显得格外重要。笔者通过分析2015～2018年台州市中考英语语法填空题的命题特点，结合自己的教学经验，做出如下归纳：
一、台州市中考英语近四年语法填空题的图表分析
1.2015～2018年台州市中考英语语法填空题测试项目统计（见表一）。
从表1可以看出，语法填空题常考的实词（给出提示词）是动词、名词、形容词和代词;常考的虚词有（无提示词）是介词、冠词和连词，个别代词如it ， either 也是作虚词进行考查。
2. 2015～2018年台州市中考英语语法填空各小题命题特点分析（见表2）
根据表2可知，时态、非谓语动词是必考题;词性转换也是必考题，其中包括名词转形容词、形容词转副词;名词单复数及所有格也是必考题。
二、语篇型语法填空题解题技巧
1.解题步骤。学生在做语法填空题的时，应遵循如下解题步骤：（1）要通篇阅读，掌握文章的主旨大意和内容。（2）把10个填空题按其有无提示词分成两大类。（3）分析句子结构，判断空白处填入的詞的词性、时态、语态。（4）重读全文，排除误漏。
2.有提示词填空题的常考点。有提示词通常考查动词、名词、形容词和代词。笔者根据自己的教学经验，结合近四年台州市英语中考语法填空考点分析表，设计了以下有提示词填空题思维导图，可以让学生更好地掌握语法填空题的解题技巧。
思维导图1：有提示词填空题
下面我们以台州市2017年英语中考语法填空题为例，结合思维导图1，对该试题中的有提示词填空题进行分析。
Two？simple？words？“thank？you”？have？made？a？big？difference？to？thousands？of？fireman？in？New？York？City.
Savannah？is？61_________？girl？from？Texas.？“ I was trying to think？62_________I could help them out.” she says， After hearing about sacrifice made by fireman， she ？63_________ （move） by the risks they face. ？64_________Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them to show how much I care about them.
“I told the firemen thank you，” Savannah recalls. “They are always there to help you.”
Savannah decided 65_________ （keep） making cards. For the next seven months， she woke up early to paint and color and cut. In that time， she 66_________ （send） 1，600 cards with bite-sized candy while meeting her 67_________ （hero）. Soon， fire station started thanking her.
Once too shy to give a speech at school. 68_________is easy now for Savannah to speak regularly to fireman and school students. She is quite different 69_________what she used to be.
“She is saying how 70_________ （thank） she is for them！” Savannah’s mom， Debbie says. “Savannah sees that stepping out and doing something can really make a difference.”
这篇文章中63、65、66、67、70等5个题为有提示词。其中 63、65、66题提示词为动词，其中一个必填非谓语动词，65题前面已经有谓语动词，所以65题必须填 to keep，63和66题句子缺谓语，通常情况下，一个使用主动语态，另一个使用被动语态。根据谓语动词与主语的关系，我们就可以确定63题填 was moved， 66题填 sent。67、70题提示词为名词，67题名词后面没有另一个名词，所以我们可以确定应该填写该名词的复数形式heroes。70题所在句子为感叹句，how 后面要接形容词或副词，名词一般情况下不直接转换成副词，所以这里填的应是形容词thankful。 3.无提示词填空题的常考点。
无提示词通常考查介词、冠词、连词或部分代词。
思维导图2：无提示词填空题
我们以台州市2018年英语中考语法填空题为例，结合思维导图2进行解题技巧指导。
At the end of the term， our ethic professor gave us a test. He had told us 61_______ （expect） one and had warned us it would be included in the final grade.
The test began Sure enough， I was 62_______ confident that I finished all the questions after forty 63_______ （minute） except the very last one. What is the name of the woman who cleans the lecture hall？
I thought it was 64_______ joke. I’d seen the woman many times. She had been working in the building for at least a year. She is short 65_______black hair. We’d even smiled at each other once or twice.