半个多世纪以来,普通话一直存在着双重原则。一是“以北京语音为标准音”的法定原则;一是以汉字字音为标准音的实用主义原则。而后者则似乎更具权威性。几乎所有的汉语词典都将北京语音的“饺子jiao za”按字音注为“jiao zi”;在《现代汉语词典》中,“打夜作”一词有两个注音:冠冕堂皇地居于首选位置的是三个字音“dǎ yè zuò”;而被冷落、被贬为“口语”的恰恰是北京语音“dǎ yè zuō”。(参见其第五版相应词条)这现象,在各类汉语词典中俯拾即是。播音员、主持人如果读错字音,轻则罚款,重则下岗;但如果读错北京语音(例如将“打眼儿”读成“打眼”或将“抽筋儿”读成“抽筋”等等)却几乎不会受到什么处罚,反而可能被认为是字正腔圆。如此这般,难道“以北京语音为标准音”这一法定原则,只是一句空话不成?这一将普通话原则中的“北京语音”偷换成“汉字字音”的现象,是普通话几十年未能实现规范化的根本原因。双重标准之下,焉有规范之理? For more than half a century, there has been a double principle in Mandarin. First, the legal principle of “using Beijing phonetic as the standard sound ”; the first is the pragmatism principle of using Chinese phonetic pronunciation as standard pronunciation. The latter seems more authoritative. Almost all Chinese dictionaries have the “jiao za” dumpling of Beijing pronunciation annotated as “jiao zi” in Beijing. In Modern Chinese Dictionary, the word “playing night work” has two phonetic transcriptions: The well-spoken to the preferred location is the three pronunciation “” dǎ yè zuò “; and was left out, was dismissed as ” spoken “is precisely the Beijing voice ” dǎ yè zuō “. (See its fifth edition of the corresponding entry) of this phenomenon, in all kinds of Chinese dictionary that is tucked away. If you read the wrong pronunciation, the announcer and the moderator will give you a fine and you will be heavily laid off. However, if you read the wrong Beijing speech (for example, you read ”Blink“ or read ”Crack“ or ”Cramp“ ”Cramps “ and so on) are almost not subject to any punishment, but may be regarded as a word. So, is the legal principle that ”using Beijing phonetic pronunciation as a standard pronunciation“ is only an empty remark? This phenomenon of substituting ”Beijing phonetics “ in the Putonghua principle into ”Chinese phonetics ", It is the fundamental reason why Putonghua failed to standardize for decades. Under the double standard, how can we regulate?