目的　探讨铅对海马神经细胞生长发育和对Ⅱ型POU域蛋白Oct 2表达的影响。方法　采用大鼠海马神经细胞体外培养建立细胞模型 ,醋酸铅的染毒浓度分别为 10 -1、10 0 、10 1、10 2 、10 3μmol/L ,对照组给予等量培养液。染毒后 2 4h用免疫组织化学法检测神经细胞和神经胶质细胞的标志物神经丝 (NF)和神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白质 (GFAP)以及Oct 2蛋白的表达。结果 10 μmol/L及 以上浓度醋酸铅组海马神经细胞胞体减小、轴突突起长度和细胞间连接减少。GFAP免疫组化结果发现1μmol/L醋酸铅即可使GFAP阳性细胞数明显增加 ,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义。此外 ,1μmol/L的醋酸铅可导致神经元和神经胶质细胞Oct 2表达阳性面积比与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义 ,10 μmol/L以上浓度醋酸铅作用下 ,Oct 2表达阳性面积比和吸光度均高于对照组 ,差异具有统计学意义。结论　醋酸铅在抑制神经元生长和分化的同时可刺激神经胶质细胞增生 ,铅对中枢神经系统的部分毒作用至少与其导致的Oct 2表达增加有关 Objective To investigate the effect of lead on the growth of hippocampal neurons and the expression of Oct 2 protein of type Ⅱ POU. Methods The rat hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro. The concentrations of lead acetate were 10 -1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 2 and 10 3 μmol / L, respectively. The control group was given equal volume of culture solution. The expression of neurofilament (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Oct 2 protein in nerve cells and glial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry 24 h after exposure. Results The cell bodies of hippocampal neurons in lead (10 μmol / L) and above concentrations were decreased, and the lengths of axons and the intercellular junctions were decreased. GFAP immunohistochemical results showed that 1μmol / L lead acetate can make GFAP positive cells increased significantly compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant. In addition, 1μmol / L lead acetate can lead to neuronal and glial cells Oct 2 expression positive area ratio compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant, 10μmol / L above the concentration of lead acetate Oct 2 expression positive area ratio and Absorbance were higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Lead acetate can stimulate glial cell proliferation while inhibiting the growth and differentiation of neurons. Partial toxicity of lead to the central nervous system is at least related to the increase of Oct 2 expression