论文部分内容阅读
目的分析烟台市水痘疫苗(VarV)1剂次和2剂次免疫前后水痘的流行特征变化。方法采用描述流行病学方法对烟台市水痘发病率进行分析。结果 VarV 1剂次免疫前期(2007-2008年)、1剂次免疫时期(2009-2011年)估算接种率分别为82.11%、91.92%;2剂次免疫时期(2012-2015年)1剂次和2剂次接种率分别为92.30%、59.51%。3个时期全市水痘年均发病数分别为1 408例、1 296例、991例,年均发病率分别为21.72/10万、19.92/10万、15.21/10万。VarV免疫后春季(4-6月)发病高峰较冬季(12-1月)发病高峰下降更明显。<15岁儿童水痘构成比逐年下降,≥15岁人群发病构成比呈上升趋势。城区水痘发病率高于农村。水痘突发疫情从VarV免疫前期平均每年3.50起减少至实施免疫后每年0.43起;均发生在学校。结论 VarV接种有效降低了烟台市水痘发病,需加强儿童2剂次VarV常规免疫和水痘病例管理。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox before and after vaccination with Varicella vaccine (VarV) in Yantai City. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of chickenpox in Yantai. Results The estimated inoculation rates of VarV 1 during the first immunization (2007-2008) and once immunization (2009-2011) were 82.11% and 91.92%, respectively. The immunization period (2012-2015) for VarV 1 was 1 dose And 2 doses of inoculation rates were 92.30%, 59.51%. The average incidence of chickenpox in the three periods was 1 408 cases, 1 296 cases and 991 cases, respectively, with an average annual incidence of 21.72 / 100000, 19.92 / 100000, 15.21 / 100000. The peak of onset in spring (April-June) after VarV immunization was more pronounced than that in winter (December-January). The composition ratio of chicken pox in children <15 years old decreased year by year, and the incidence ratio of pathogens in people aged 15 years and older was on the rise. The prevalence of chickenpox in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas. The outbreak of chickenpox decreased from an average of 3.50 pre-VarV immunizations to 0.43 immunizations per year after immunization; both occurred in schools. Conclusion Inoculation with VarV effectively reduced the incidence of chickenpox in Yantai City. It is necessary to strengthen the routine immunization and varicella cases management in children with two doses of VarV.