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潜育化水稻土存在渍、冷、烂、闭(气)、毒及缺素等障碍因素,土壤改良剂是其改良的有效办法之一。本文研究了有机与无机材料相结合对鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田的改良效果,旨在为湖区此类土壤改良提供技术参考。田间定位试验设有机、无机改良剂10个互作处理,分别为(1)对照,T1;(2)牛粪+粉煤灰,T2;(3)牛粪+石灰,T3;(4)枯饼+粉煤灰,T4;(5)枯饼+石灰,T5;(6)牛粪+粉煤灰+石灰,T6;(7)枯饼+粉煤灰+石灰,T7;(8)牛粪+枯饼+粉煤灰,T8;(9)牛粪+枯饼+石灰,T9;(10)牛粪+枯饼+粉煤灰+石灰,T10,研究了土壤改良剂对土壤氧化还原电位、还原物质总量及土壤肥力的影响,并结合水稻产量分析了有机无机改良剂相结合的改良作用。结果表明:在提高土壤氧化还原电位方面,T5处理最明显,在抽穗期比T1显著提升了69.2%(P<0.05)。在消减土壤还原性物质方面,各施用改良剂处理均能显著降低土壤还原性物质,其中T5、T8、T10三个施用石灰的处理效果最为显著,比T1分别降低了84.5%、79.3%和72.2%(P<0.05)。施用土壤改良剂对土壤有机质、碱解氮、水溶性碳无显著影响,但对土壤速效磷、速效钾、pH值、电导率和水溶性氮有显著的提升作用。在提高水稻SPAD值方面,所有施枯饼的处理T4、T5,T7~T10均能显著提高水稻SPAD值,在抽穗期比T1提高了13.5~28.6%(P<0.05)。3年平均产量表明,T10能显著提高潜育性稻田产量,比T1显著提高10.3%(P<0.05)。因此,枯饼与石灰配合是降低鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田土壤还原性物质、提升氧化还原电位、电导率的最有效措施;牛粪、枯饼、粉煤灰、石灰相配合则是综合提升水稻产量的最有效措施。
There are some obstacles such as stain, cold, rotten, closed (gas), poison and deficiency in glebe in paddy soil. Soil conditioner is one of the effective ways to improve it. In this paper, the effect of organic and inorganic materials on the improvement of the glebe in the Poyang Lake area was studied in order to provide technical reference for the improvement of such soils in the lake area. There were 10 intercropping treatments of organic and inorganic improver in the field experiment, which were (1) control, T1; (2) cow manure + fly ash, T2; (3) cow manure + lime, T3; (6) cow dung + fly ash + lime, T6; (7) dry cake + fly ash + lime, T7; (10) cow manure + dry cake + fly ash + lime, T10, the effect of soil conditioner on soil redox Potential, the total amount of reducing substances and soil fertility, and combined with the yield of rice analysis of organic and inorganic modifiers combined with the role of improvement. The results showed that the treatment of T5 was the most obvious in improving the redox potential of soil, and increased by 69.2% (P <0.05) at heading compared with T1. In the reduction of soil reducing substances, the application of improver can significantly reduce the soil reducing substances, including T5, T8, T10 three application of lime treatment effect is the most significant, respectively, than the T1 decreased by 84.5%, 79.3% and 72.2 % (P <0.05). Soil amendments had no significant effect on soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and water soluble carbon, but promoted soil available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, conductivity and water soluble nitrogen significantly. In the aspect of increasing the SPAD value of rice, all the treatments of the blight cake (T4, T5 and T7 ~ T10) significantly increased the SPAD value of rice and increased 13.5 ~ 28.6% (P <0.05) at heading stage compared with T1. The average annual yield of 3 years indicated that T10 could significantly increase the yield of the paddy field, which was significantly higher than T1 by 10.3% (P <0.05). Therefore, the combination of dry cake and lime is the most effective measure to reduce the soil reducing substances and the redox potential and conductivity of the glebe in the Poyang Lake area. Combined with cow dung, dry cake, fly ash and lime, The most effective measure of production.