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荷兰是清朝初年与中国交往最密切的欧洲国家,但在这一时期内荷兰的四次出使中国皆以失败告终。尤其是康熙二十五年,荷兰使臣文森特·巴茨出使北京失败后,他们认识到朝贡使团与海上贸易并无密切的关系,荷兰人失去了与清朝进行外交交往的兴趣。加之两国军事战略和商业利益下降,中荷双方的外交关系进一步冷却,最终导致荷兰东印度公司放弃中国贸易长达40年之久。本文拟依据中荷文档案文献资料对这一次出使进行详细的介绍,以求真实地还原中国文献中记录并不清晰的史实。
The Netherlands was the closest European country to China in the early Qing Dynasty, but during the period, the Netherlands’ four missions to China were unsuccessful. In particular, in the 25 years of the Kangxi reign, when Vincent Butch, the Netherlands ambassador, failed to make a trip to Beijing, they realized that there was no close relationship between tribute missions and maritime trade. The Dutch lost their interest in diplomatic exchanges with the Qing Dynasty. Coupled with the declining military strategy and commercial interests of the two countries, the diplomatic relations between the two countries have been further cooled, which eventually led the Dutch East India Company to abandon its trade with China for 40 years. This article intends to make a detailed introduction of this mission based on the documents and documents of the Chinese and Dutch archives in order to truly restore the historical facts that the records in the Chinese literature are not clear.