60年代,苏联社会总产值年均增长率为7.0％,国民收入为7.2％。1971～1984年,这两项指标只达到4.4％。经济增长的大幅度滑坡危及苏联社会再生产的正常运转,同时,也导致它的世界第二号经济大国的地位受到来自日本等其他强国的挑战。为了结束国民经济发展的“停滞的年代”(这是苏联理论界以及官方文献的共同提法),1985年4月苏共中央全 In the 1960s, the average annual GDP growth rate of the Soviet Union was 7.0% and its national income was 7.2%. From 1971 to 1984, the two indicators only reached 4.4%. The drastic landslide of economic growth threatened the normal operation of social reproduction in the Soviet Union and at the same time led to its status as the world’s No. 2 economic power being challenged by other powerful countries such as Japan. In order to put an end to the “stagnant era” of national economic development (a common formulation of the Soviet theorists and official documents), the Central Committee of the CPSU in April 1985