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本文对山东省主要暗色粘性土进行了形态学、粘土矿物学、物理化学特性以及发生学的研究。结果表明,大部分粘质砂姜黑土和暗色粘质湿潮土具有明显的变性特征,表现为干时开裂、湿时膨胀,剖面上部土体中有大量的滑擦面和明显的土壤翻转现象。土壤微形态以具有因强烈胀缩而产生的光性定向粘粒和裂纹裂隙为主要特征,并有较多铁锰和碳酸盐的浓聚物。土壤粘粒的硅铁铝率较高,粘土矿物以蒙脱石为主,蒙脱石的发生与其所处的地球化学环境密切相关。耕层之下的黑土层粘粒含量最高,且以蒙脱石占绝对优势,因此胀缩性最强,是具有变性特征最明显的层次。土壤的强烈胀缩性是这些暗色粘性土形态发生的内在原因,干湿交替的土壤水分状况则是其形态发生的必要条件。
In this paper, morphology, clay mineralogy, physicochemical characteristics and genesis of major dark-colored clay in Shandong Province were studied. The results show that most of the clay-Shajiang black soil and the dark-colored moist moist soil have obvious degeneration features, such as cracking when dry, swelling when wet, large amount of sliding surface and obvious soil overturning in the upper soil . Micromorphology of the soil is characterized by the presence of optically oriented clay and cracked fractures due to strong expansion and shrinkage, with more iron, manganese and carbonate concentrates. The content of ferrosilicon in soil clay is higher, the clay minerals are mainly montmorillonite, and the occurrence of montmorillonite is closely related to the geochemical environment in which it is located. Black soil layer under the top layer of clay content is highest, and montmorillonite absolute advantage, so the most expansion and contraction, is the most obvious denaturation level. The strong swelling and shrinking of soil is the intrinsic reason for the appearance of these dark colored clay. The alternation of wet and dry soil moisture is the necessary condition for its morphogenesis.