作为世界史学发展两大主流的中国古典史学以及以希腊、罗马为代表的西方古典史学均有鉴戒功能 ,但同有鉴戒功能的两种史学在当时社会与学术上的地位是不同的。学术上 ,中国古典史学的地位基本上是呈上升趋势发展的 ,而西方古典史学只是一门艺术。在社会中 ,中国古典史学是政治机制和社会生活的有机组成部分 ,而西方古典史学则从属于基督教 ,并由此导致中、西史官地位的不同。导致这种差异的因素有二 :一是思想文化背景不同 ;二是中、西史学运行机制不同 As the two main mainstream of world historiography, the Chinese classical history and the Western classical history represented by Greece and Rome all have the function of enlightenment. However, the two historiography with the function of enlightenment were different in social and academic status at that time. Academically, the status of Chinese classical historiography has basically been on the rise. Western classical history is only an art. In society, Chinese classical history is an integral part of political mechanism and social life, while Western classical history is subordinate to Christianity, which leads to the different status of Chinese and Western historians. Two factors lead to this difference: First, different ideological and cultural backgrounds; second, the operation mechanism of Chinese and Western historiography is different