对于集体行动的解释,传统的理论有奥尔森为代表的个人利益论,以及涂尔干为代表的集体观念论。而本文提出“观念是利益的表达”的论断。该论断指出,解释集体行动必须强调观念和利益的相互作用。该论断能克服利益论和观念论的困境,并在马克思的阶级理论、哈贝马斯的交往理论、亚历山大的社会理论预设范式中都能发现相关的理论资源。 For the explanation of collective action, the traditional theory is the personal interest theory represented by Olsen, and the collective concept theory represented by Durkheim. However, the thesis proposes that “the concept is the expression of interest”. The assertion states that the interpretation of collective action must emphasize the interaction of ideas and interests. This thesis can overcome the predicament of interest theory and ideology, and find relevant theoretical resources in Marx’s theory of class, Habermas’s theory of interaction and Alexander’s social theory.