新型农村合作医疗不同主体的目标差异,形成该制度建构过程中政府、医疗机构和农民的三方博弈,从而不可避免地造成“计划”与“市场”、“政府”与“市场”的矛盾。新型农村合作医疗应当十分注重农民的参与,切实尊重农民的意愿,变“高”的参与率为“深”的参与度,使农民成为此项制度的真正主人—— The differences in the objectives of the different subjects of the new rural cooperative medical system form a tripartite game between the government, medical institutions, and farmers in the process of constructing the system, which inevitably creates contradictions between “plan” and “market,” “government,” and “market.” The new type of rural cooperative medical care should pay great attention to the participation of farmers, earnestly respect the wishes of farmers, change the participation rate of “high” participation rate to “deep”, and make farmers become the true masters of this system.