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假说是科学发展的形式,是提高假说能力特别是自主创新能力的重要思想方法。但是,对假说类型的系统研究不够。紧紧围绕解决这一问题,系统地叙述了近代以来创新的假说与科学发展的历程,阐述了不同类型的假说对科学发展的创造性贡献。以成因为依据,概括出13种类型的假说。不同类型的假说,对提高不同类型的假说能力,增强自主创新能力,推进自主创新和引领科学发展,具有重要意义。
Hypothesis is a form of scientific development and an important way of thinking to improve the ability of hypothesis, especially that of independent innovation. However, there is not enough systematic research on the type of hypothesis. Closely addressing this issue, we systematically described the innovation hypothesis and the course of scientific development since modern times, and elaborated the creative contributions made by different types of hypotheses to the scientific development. Based on the causes, 13 types of hypotheses are summarized. Different types of hypotheses are of great significance to improving the ability of different types of hypotheses, enhancing the capability of independent innovation, promoting independent innovation and leading scientific development.