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夏鼐早先觉得考古学是“第二三流”学问,后来认为“治上古史,考古学是占中心的地位”。夏鼐对考古学与历史学的关系在认知层面上的反映,主要与他个人的经历以及当时学术的整体发展有关。在“史前”和“历史”时期,考古学与历史学关系的表现稍有不同,但是历史学的因素贯穿考古学研究的整个过程,并且研究考古学与历史学的最终目的大体相似,即认知、还原古代社会。对夏鼐学术思想的分析、对民国时期考古学与历史学关系的探讨,不仅有助于理解民国学术发展史,也有利于从一个侧面理解新中国成立后考古、历史学界的基本状况。
Hsia-tsu had earlier thought that archeology was “second-rate” learning, and later thought that “the rule of ancient history, archeology is the center of status.” The relationship between the archeology and history of Xia Zhen reflects on the cognitive level mainly with his personal experience and the overall academic development at that time. In the periods of “prehistoric” and “historical”, the relationship between archeology and history is slightly different, but the factors of history run through the whole process of archaeological research and the ultimate goal of archeology and history Similar, that is, cognition, restore ancient society. The analysis of Xia Jie’s academic thoughts and the discussion of the relationship between archeology and history in the Republic of China not only help to understand the history of academic development in the Republic of China, but also help to understand the basic situation of archeology and historical scholarship after the founding of New China.