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随着精神药物的滥用,国际社会越来越清楚地认识到国际毒品管制体系存在诸多缺陷和漏洞,进而推动《1971年精神药物公约》的出台。作为精神药物的制造和消费大国,美国政府从最初疏于管制,到强调国家管制,再到同意和积极推动议定新的国际公约,以及最终批准该公约,加入全球精神药物管制体系,它都扮演着特殊而重要的角色。美国政府态度的转变既源于精神药物滥用对全球禁毒体系的完善提出了严峻的挑战;又源于它作为麻醉品原料生产国、精神药物制造国和消费国各种角色之间的矛盾和冲突、施压和反施压的结果;并且还是冷战背景下通过国际合作解决共同面临的非传统安全威胁的必然选择。然而,追求“美国化”的全球禁毒“新体系”的建立,始终是美国政府毒品外交政策的出发点和必然归宿。
With the abuse of psychotropic substances, the international community has become more and more aware of the many shortcomings and loopholes in the international drug control system, which has led to the promulgation of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. As a large producer and consumer of psychotropic substances, the United States government, from its initial neglect of control, to its emphasis on state control, to its agreement and active promotion of the agreement on a new international convention, and finally to the ratification of the convention to join the global psychoactive drug control system, all play A special and important role. The change in the U.S. government’s attitude stems from both the serious challenge posed by the abuse of psychotropic substances and the perfection of the global anti-drug system. It also stems from the contradictions and conflicts between the various actors in the drug-producing countries and consumer countries as producers of narcotic drugs, , The result of pressure and anti-pressure; and it is also the inevitable choice of resolving the common non-traditional security threats through international cooperation in the context of the Cold War. However, the establishment of a global anti-drug “new system” that pursues “Americanization ” has always been the starting point and an inevitable result of the U.S. government’s drug foreign policy.