正常肝脏门静脉压力和肝静脉或右心房的压力差通常不超过5 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),大于6 mm Hg定义为门静脉高压,但临床并发症似乎只出现在压力梯度超过10~12 mm Hg时[1]。当门静脉高压时,门静脉血液主要流向食管静脉丛及胃左静脉,并经过奇静脉流入上腔静脉。由于食管及胃左静脉的静脉壁薄且缺乏弹性,直接受压力及血流的影响大,会导致静脉迂曲、扩张,形成食管胃底静 Normal liver portal pressure and hepatic vein or right atrium pressure difference is usually not more than 5 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 k Pa), greater than 6 mm Hg is defined as portal hypertension, but clinical complications appear to only appear in the pressure gradient over 10 ~ 12 mm Hg [1]. When portal hypertension, portal vein blood flow to the main esophageal and gastric left venous, and through the azygos vein into the superior vena cava. As the esophageal and gastric left venous vein thin and the lack of flexibility, directly affected by pressure and blood flow, can lead to tortuous venous expansion, the formation of esophageal fundus