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在启蒙时期中西文化发生实质性遭遇之后,西方学者对中国传统文化的评判经历了一个由高度颂扬到无情批判的颠覆性转变过程。与以往学者的评判相比,马克思恩格斯对中国文化的评判是以唯物史观为理论依据的,是在中国传统文化与社会存在等外部要素之间的关系、世界历史境遇下的中华文化与他民族文化之间的交流互动以及中国社会各阶级文化之间的关系等层面展开的文化生态评判,在把握事实总和的基础上对中国文化生态进行了社会主义意识形态的期待。
After the substantive encounters between Chinese and Western cultures in the Enlightenment period, Western scholars’ judgments on Chinese traditional culture have undergone a subversive transformation from being highly praised to relentless criticism. Compared with the previous scholars’ judgment, Marx and Engels judge the Chinese culture based on the materialist conception of history as the relationship between the external elements such as the Chinese traditional culture and social existence, the Chinese culture under the circumstances of the world’s history and his Cultural exchanges and interaction between national cultures and the relationship between the various classes of Chinese society and other aspects of cultural and ecological evaluation carried out on the basis of the total sum of facts on the Chinese cultural ecology of the socialist ideology expectations.