“吏者,民之本纲者也,故圣人治吏不治民”。历史上,诸多政治人士均认为治理国家首先要治理好官吏。中国古代封建集权的专制制度,决定了中国古代社会一定是“人治”的社会。在古代管理机制中,实现“人治”的核心就在于“吏治”。官吏的治理和监督有着源远流长的历史,各代的统治者都对此比较重视。要想维护社会统治的长久,就必须建立相应制度保障官吏的廉洁和高效。经过历代君王和臣子的努力,我国古代官吏制度得到了全面发展和完善,对中国古代社会的统治起到了巨大的作用,对当时世界也产生了重要的影响。本文对古代官吏管理制度从两方面入手探讨,即官吏的选拔和官吏的考核。通过对古代官吏管理制度的学习、揣摩,以史为镜,建设法治和谐社会。 “Officials, the people of this program also, so the saints government officials not rule the people.” Historically, many politicians think that the governing state must first govern good officials. The ancient autocratic system of feudal centralization in China decided that the ancient Chinese society must be a “people’s government” society. In the ancient management mechanism, the key to realizing “people ” lies in “official ”. The management and supervision of the officials have a long history, and the rulers of all generations attach great importance to it. To maintain the long-term social rule, we must establish a corresponding system to ensure the integrity and efficiency of officials. Through the efforts of ancient kings and courtiers, the ancient system of officialdom in our country was developed and perfected in an all-round way, played an enormous role in the rule of the ancient Chinese society and also had an important influence on the world at that time. This article discusses the management system of ancient officials from two aspects: the selection of officials and the assessment of officials. Through the study of the ancient official management system, try to figure out, history as a mirror, building a harmonious society ruled by law.