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自1840年鸦片战争至1911年清王朝覆灭的72年历史进程中,清政府与资本主义列强的关系究竟怎样呢?不少论者认定清政府从鸦片战争起就是资本主义列强的“走狗”,是“卖国”的政府。如范老就认为,《南京条约》的签订表明了“满清政府出卖中国的疯狂性”等等。笔者则不以为然。本文拟系统考察清政府与列强的关系,尤其对列强的态度,以求客观估价清政府在中华民族与列强这对中国社会基本矛盾中的地位与作用。
During the 72-year history of the Qing dynasty being destroyed from the Opium War of 1840 to the throne of 1911, what exactly was the relationship between the Qing government and the capitalist powers? Many considered the Qing government a “lackey” of the capitalist powers since the Opium War, It is a “selling country” government. For example, Fan Lao believes that the signing of the “Nanjing Treaty” shows “the insurgency of the Manchu government selling China and so on.” I do not think so. This article intends to examine systematically the Qing government’s relations with the powers, especially the attitude of the powers, so as to objectively evaluate the Qing government’s position and role in the fundamental contradictions of the Chinese society between the Chinese nation and the powers.