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历年高考对考生阅读能力的考查都占很大比例。阅读理解题的考查主要从两个方面测试考生的理解能力。
1、客观理解：即对所给材料中具体事实和细节的理解。
2、主观理解：即通过阅读短文，对文中主旨、主题、中心思想和作者意图、态度及语篇逻辑关系等深层意义上的理解，并据此进行推理和判断。
本文主要讨论高考英语阅读理解中深层意义上的理解题题型及解题策略和技巧。
1. 归纳概括主题( Title and Main Idea )
这种题型的提问方式有：
The main point of the passage is ...
The passage deals mainly with ...
The passage is mainly about ...
What does the passage mainly discuss?
What is the author’s main purpose ?
【解题对策】归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更要看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。学会找出主题句(topic sentence) ,一般来说主题句在文章的句首与句尾。而且要善于概括文章的中心思想(main idea),中心思想通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨,而最佳题目(the best title)可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。
【2007高考示例】：
（2007 广东）
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
问题：Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? (D)
A．How to Live Truthfully
B．Importance of Peacefulness
C．Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D．Happiness through Honorable Actions
【答案简析】本文第一段最后一句“honorable actions create happiness”是文章主题句，因此，答案为 D。
（2007陕西）
His cornet playing had a deep humanity (仁爱) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.” He was the father of the jazz style (风格) and also one of the best-known and most admired people in the world. His death, on July 6, 1971, was headline news around the world.
问题：Which would be the best title for the text?(B)
A. The Invention of the Jazz Music
B. The Father of the Jazz Style
C. The Making of a Musician
D. The Spread of Popular Music
【答案简析】本文最后段第二句“He was the father of the jazz style (风格) and also one of the best-known and most admired people in the world.” 是文章主题句，因此，答案为 B。
2.逻辑推理判断( Judgment, Logical Inference )
这种题型的常用提问方式有：
We can infer that_______.
It can be inferred from the passage that________.
The passage implies that________.
The passage suggests that_________.
It can be concluded from the passage that__________.
【解题对策】根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第四点要求是：“能理解某句某段的意义，并能把握全篇文脉，即句与句，段与段的关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。”
这类考题旨在测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
在作出推理判断时，考生一定要依据短文内容或作者观点，切忌主观臆断，切忌以自己的观点看法取代作者的原意。
【2007高考示例】：
（2007广东）For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
问题：It can be inferred from the passage that.__________(B)
A．no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B．the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C．malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D．nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
【答案简析】根据文章中“Unfortunately, in most parts of the world...” 和“but they have been in short supply and are very expensive.”两句子字面意思，我们可以推断“the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people”，因此，答案为 B。
（2007浙江）People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics(失语症患者). Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths.
问题：What do we learn from this text?(D)
A. What one says reflects how one feels.
B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others.
C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.
D. People poor at one thing can be good at another.
【答案简析】根据文章中“Such patients can be extremely good at something else.” 的字面意思，我们可以推断“People poor at one thing can be good at another.” 因此，答案为 B。
3.领悟文章的隐含意义(Hidden Meaning)
这种题型的常用提问方式有：
The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that________.
We can infer from the passage that__________.
The writer’s attitude toward ... is__________.
The passage implies, but does not directly state that__________.
The passage suggests that______.
We may conclude from the passage that__________.
The writer writes the passage in order to ....
【解题对策】根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第三点要求是：“既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度，意图等；” 由于某种原因，作者不能鲜明地表达自己的观点，而将其隐含在字里行间，流露于修辞手法之中。这类考题要求考生对于作者这种没有明确说明的写作目的，立场态度，思想倾向作出合理的推断。
读懂这种“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生有“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉，合理推断的思维品质。这是阅读测试题中较难的类型，对考生的能力要求较高，需要认真训练。
【2007高考示例】：
（2007浙江）
“ How many did you sell, my boy?” my mother asked.
“ None.”
“ Where did you go?”
“ The corner of Belleville and Union Avenues.”
“ What did you do?”
“ Stood on the corner waiting for somebody to buy a Saturday Evening Post.”
“ You just stood there?”
“ Didn’t sell a single one.”
“ My God, Russell!”
问题： From the dialogue between the boy and his mother, we learn that the mother was . (D)
A. excited
B. interested
C. ashamed
D. disappointed
【答案简析】根据对话中 “None，stood there，didn’t sell a single one, My God,” 等字里行间, 作者鲜明地流露了“mother was very disappointed” 的观点,因此，答案为 D。
（2007广东）I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. “The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound． It has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without its permission, and it fastens its young round people’s wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves.”
问题： By quoting （引用） the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to. (A)
A．suggest human beings are controlled by a clock
B．describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth
C．tell readers what clocks look like
D．compare clocks to human beings
【答案简析】根据文章中“under its control; the real master of Earth and men are its slaves.” 等字, 作者鲜明地表达自己的观点 “human beings are controlled by a clock”, 因此，答案为A 。
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)
1、客观理解：即对所给材料中具体事实和细节的理解。
2、主观理解：即通过阅读短文，对文中主旨、主题、中心思想和作者意图、态度及语篇逻辑关系等深层意义上的理解，并据此进行推理和判断。
本文主要讨论高考英语阅读理解中深层意义上的理解题题型及解题策略和技巧。
1. 归纳概括主题( Title and Main Idea )
这种题型的提问方式有：
The main point of the passage is ...
The passage deals mainly with ...
The passage is mainly about ...
What does the passage mainly discuss?
What is the author’s main purpose ?
【解题对策】归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更要看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。学会找出主题句(topic sentence) ,一般来说主题句在文章的句首与句尾。而且要善于概括文章的中心思想(main idea),中心思想通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨,而最佳题目(the best title)可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。
【2007高考示例】：
（2007 广东）
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
问题：Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? (D)
A．How to Live Truthfully
B．Importance of Peacefulness
C．Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D．Happiness through Honorable Actions
【答案简析】本文第一段最后一句“honorable actions create happiness”是文章主题句，因此，答案为 D。
（2007陕西）
His cornet playing had a deep humanity (仁爱) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.” He was the father of the jazz style (风格) and also one of the best-known and most admired people in the world. His death, on July 6, 1971, was headline news around the world.
问题：Which would be the best title for the text?(B)
A. The Invention of the Jazz Music
B. The Father of the Jazz Style
C. The Making of a Musician
D. The Spread of Popular Music
【答案简析】本文最后段第二句“He was the father of the jazz style (风格) and also one of the best-known and most admired people in the world.” 是文章主题句，因此，答案为 B。
2.逻辑推理判断( Judgment, Logical Inference )
这种题型的常用提问方式有：
We can infer that_______.
It can be inferred from the passage that________.
The passage implies that________.
The passage suggests that_________.
It can be concluded from the passage that__________.
【解题对策】根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第四点要求是：“能理解某句某段的意义，并能把握全篇文脉，即句与句，段与段的关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。”
这类考题旨在测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
在作出推理判断时，考生一定要依据短文内容或作者观点，切忌主观臆断，切忌以自己的观点看法取代作者的原意。
【2007高考示例】：
（2007广东）For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
问题：It can be inferred from the passage that.__________(B)
A．no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B．the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C．malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D．nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
【答案简析】根据文章中“Unfortunately, in most parts of the world...” 和“but they have been in short supply and are very expensive.”两句子字面意思，我们可以推断“the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people”，因此，答案为 B。
（2007浙江）People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics(失语症患者). Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths.
问题：What do we learn from this text?(D)
A. What one says reflects how one feels.
B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others.
C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.
D. People poor at one thing can be good at another.
【答案简析】根据文章中“Such patients can be extremely good at something else.” 的字面意思，我们可以推断“People poor at one thing can be good at another.” 因此，答案为 B。
3.领悟文章的隐含意义(Hidden Meaning)
这种题型的常用提问方式有：
The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that________.
We can infer from the passage that__________.
The writer’s attitude toward ... is__________.
The passage implies, but does not directly state that__________.
The passage suggests that______.
We may conclude from the passage that__________.
The writer writes the passage in order to ....
【解题对策】根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第三点要求是：“既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度，意图等；” 由于某种原因，作者不能鲜明地表达自己的观点，而将其隐含在字里行间，流露于修辞手法之中。这类考题要求考生对于作者这种没有明确说明的写作目的，立场态度，思想倾向作出合理的推断。
读懂这种“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生有“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉，合理推断的思维品质。这是阅读测试题中较难的类型，对考生的能力要求较高，需要认真训练。
【2007高考示例】：
（2007浙江）
“ How many did you sell, my boy?” my mother asked.
“ None.”
“ Where did you go?”
“ The corner of Belleville and Union Avenues.”
“ What did you do?”
“ Stood on the corner waiting for somebody to buy a Saturday Evening Post.”
“ You just stood there?”
“ Didn’t sell a single one.”
“ My God, Russell!”
问题： From the dialogue between the boy and his mother, we learn that the mother was . (D)
A. excited
B. interested
C. ashamed
D. disappointed
【答案简析】根据对话中 “None，stood there，didn’t sell a single one, My God,” 等字里行间, 作者鲜明地流露了“mother was very disappointed” 的观点,因此，答案为 D。
（2007广东）I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. “The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound． It has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without its permission, and it fastens its young round people’s wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves.”
问题： By quoting （引用） the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to. (A)
A．suggest human beings are controlled by a clock
B．describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth
C．tell readers what clocks look like
D．compare clocks to human beings
【答案简析】根据文章中“under its control; the real master of Earth and men are its slaves.” 等字, 作者鲜明地表达自己的观点 “human beings are controlled by a clock”, 因此，答案为A 。
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)