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以赛亚.伯林提出了价值多样性与价值冲突理论,认为人类无法解决价值冲突而达到和谐共存,许多哲学家、政治学家都从不同角度对伯林难题作出了回应。桑德尔把伯林问题还原为有价值事物是否都可以用金钱来换算的问题或者市场是否能够解决价值冲突问题。罗尔斯给出的答案是,有些权利应当以正义制度形式给予充分保护;诺奇克则说,有些权利应当远离制度和强权干扰,无论那种干扰是多么出于公意或正义。中国改革开放取得了举世瞩目的成就,但也面临由现代化带来的系统问题,总结价值多元论难题及其解决办法,将给中国社会的全面发展提供有益启示。
Isaiah Berlin proposed the theory of value diversity and value conflict. He believes that mankind can not solve the conflict of values and achieve harmonious coexistence. Many philosophers and political scientists have responded to the Berlin question from different angles. Sandor reduced the Berlin problem to the question of whether all valuable things can be converted in money or whether the market can solve the problem of value conflict. The answer given by Rawls is that some rights should be adequately protected in the form of a system of justices, and Nozick said some rights should be kept away from system and power, no matter how out of the interference is the result of public opinion or justice. China has made remarkable achievements in its reform and opening up. However, it is also facing systemic problems caused by modernization. Summarizing the problems of value pluralism and its solutions, it will provide useful enlightenment for the all-round development of Chinese society.