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[目的]了解上海市浦东新区现制现售水机卫生状况及出水水质,为保障现制现售水饮用人群的健康安全提供监督与管理依据。[方法]以上海市浦东新区辖区内1197台现制现售水机为对象,对其卫生许可、环境卫生、硬件设施、管理维护状况及出水水质开展调查和分析。[结果]1197台现制现售水机中,未公示水质自检记录者占7.60%,现制现售水机周围10m半径内有污染源者占5.85%,未公示维护记录者占3.17%,出水口未设置可关闭、紧密的门者占2.84%,未公示自动售水机有效卫生许可信息者占1.67%,现制现售水机未在卫生行政部门备案者占0.33%,现制现售水机公司未取得有效卫生许可证者占0.25%。出水水质不合格率为11.61%;其中,细菌总数不合格率为9.44%,耗氧量不合格率为2.68%,总大肠菌群不合格率为0.42%。[结论]目前,上海市浦东新区的现制现售水机总卫生状况和出水水质存在一定的卫生安全隐患。现制现售水相关法律法规滞后,给卫生行政部门加大监管力度带来一定难度。建议加强现制现售水卫生法制建设,予以立法保障,促使经营单位规范经营,确保饮用人群健康安全。
[Objective] To understand the hygienic status of water dispenser and water quality in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and to provide the basis for supervision and management in order to ensure the health and safety of current drinking water crowd. [Method] With 1197 units of water dispenser now in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai Municipality, it investigated and analyzed the hygiene permission, sanitation, hardware facilities, management and maintenance status and effluent quality. [Results] Among the 1197 water dispensers, there were 7.60% of the undocumented water quality self-test records, 5.85% of the polluters within 10m around the water dispensers, 3.17% of the undocumented maintenance records, The outlet is not set to close, close door who accounted for 2.84%, not publicized water dispenser valid health permit information accounted for 1.67%, is not available water dispenser in the health administrative department accounted for 0.33% of the record, is now Water dispenser company did not obtain a valid health permit accounted for 0.25%. The unqualified rate of effluent quality was 11.61%. Among them, the total number of unqualified bacteria was 9.44%, the unqualified rate of oxygen consumption was 2.68%, and the total coliform bacteria unqualified rate was 0.42%. [Conclusions] At present, there is a certain health and safety risk in the general hygienic status and effluent quality of water dispenser in Shanghai Pudong New Area. The laws and regulations on the sale of water are now lagging behind, bringing some difficulties to the health administrative departments in stepping up their supervision. It is suggested to strengthen the existing legal system for the sale of water to be sanctioned by law and to ensure that the operating units regulate their operation and ensure the health and safety of the drinking population.