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为阐明籼、粳超级稻产量构成特征的差异,以当地主体且具有代表性的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料,对稻-麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻产量及其构成因素、群体茎蘖动态特征、穗部构成特征、灌浆特性等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明:粳稻产量、穗数、群体颖花量、结实率、库容量、总充实量、茎蘖成穗率、着粒密度、一二次枝梗数比值、一二次枝梗总粒数比值、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗一次枝梗总粒数、一次枝梗结实率、二次枝梗结实率、米粒终极生长量、到达最大灌浆速率的时间、灌浆速率最大时的米粒重、活跃灌浆期和有效灌浆时间均高于籼稻;籼稻每穗粒数、千粒重、穗长、单穗粒重、每穗二次枝梗数、二次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗二次枝梗总粒数、起始生长势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率则高于粳稻,灌浆速率最大时的米粒重占米粒终极生长量的百分率则表现趋势不明显。籼、粳超级稻均为异步灌浆型,但籼稻两段灌浆现象更为明显,且籼稻灌浆启动快、充实快、持续时间短、呈速起速降的态势。粳稻弱势粒灌浆前、中、后期的灌浆充实量较籼稻分别高0.73%、2.59%、3.43%,随着籽粒灌浆的持续,粳稻灌浆优势不断加大。群体茎蘖稳升稳降、有效成穗数多、穗部构成合理、结实率高、灌浆速度稳定且持续时间长以及灌浆后期弱势粒较高的灌浆质量是粳稻扩库、促充实、稳产高产的关键。
In order to elucidate the differences in yield components between indica and japonica super rice, five representative indica hybrid rice combinations and five conventional japonica hybrid rice varieties were selected as test materials. , The yield and its components of japonica rice, the dynamic characteristics of stem and tiller population, panicle composition, filling characteristics and other aspects of a systematic comparative study. The results showed that the grain yield, spike number, spikelet population, seed setting rate, storage capacity, total forage yield, spikelet rate, grain density, the number of primary and secondary branches and the ratio of the total number of primary and secondary branches , The number of primary branches per spike, the number of primary branchlets per stem, the total number of primary branches per panicle, the rate of primary branching, the rate of secondary branching, the ultimate growth of rice, the time to reach the maximum filling rate , The grain weight, the active grain filling time and the effective grain filling time at the maximum grain filling rate were all higher than those in indica rice. The grain number per panicle, grain weight per thousand, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of secondary branch per spike, The number of stems, the number of total grains, the initial growth potential, the maximum filling rate and the average filling rate of secondary branchlets per panicle were higher than those of japonica rice, while the percentage of kernel weight accounted for the ultimate growth of rice kernel at the maximum filling rate showed no trend obvious. Both indica and japonica super rice are asynchronous grouting, but the indica rice two-stage grouting phenomenon is more obvious, and indica rice grouting start fast, full fast, short duration, showed a rapidly rising trend. The filling amount of grain filling of weak grain in japonica rice was 0.73%, 2.59% and 3.43% higher than that of indica rice in early, middle and late stages, respectively. With the continuous grain filling, the grouting advantage of japonica rice continued to increase. The stability of stalks and tillers in the population increased steadily, the number of effective spikelets was more, the ear composition was reasonable, the seed setting rate was high, the filling speed was stable and the duration was long, key.