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2008年以来,我国稻米市场反复出现“稻强米弱”现象,即短期内稻谷原粮价格走势强于大米产品价格走势。本文基于2008-2014年早籼稻收购价格和早籼米批发价格数据,分析了“稻强米弱”的主要原因及其影响。研究表明,国家粮食托市收购政策、种植成本刚性上涨、加工企业产能过剩以及低价大米大量进口是造成“稻强米弱”的主要原因;“稻强米弱”会对稻谷综合生产能力、大米加工行业健康发展以及生态环境和可持续发展等三个方面造成影响;最后提出要试点实施水稻目标价格补贴、控制水稻生产成本过快增长、推进大米加工企业转型升级和加强维护国内稻米产业安全等政策建议。
Since 2008, the rice market in our country has repeatedly appeared the phenomenon of “weak rice and strong rice”, that is, the price trend of raw rice in the short term is stronger than the price trend of rice products. Based on the data of the purchase price of early indica rice and the wholesale price of early indica rice from 2008 to 2014, this paper analyzes the main causes of “weak rice” and its influence. The research shows that the policy of acquisition of state grain proprietorship, rigid increase of planting cost, overcapacity of processing enterprises and large import of low-priced rice are the main causes of “weak rice and strong rice”; “weak rice and strong rice” Comprehensive production capacity, the healthy development of the rice processing industry and the ecological environment and sustainable development in the three aspects of the impact; the final proposed to implement the pilot target price of rice subsidies to control the excessive growth of rice production costs, promote the transformation and upgrading of rice processing enterprises and strengthen the maintenance Domestic rice industry security policy recommendations.