现在经营与管理是经常出现在报刊上的两个名词,但不少人把经营与管理混为一谈.事实上,经营与管理两个概念的含义完全不同.下面我们分别予以说明:现代管理系统有三个层次,最高层次是经营层,中间是管理层(管理层又分为中层管理和基层管理),最低层是操作层.先谈谈管理的概念.管理的对象集中在管理层,管理是指对生产进行指挥、控制、监督、协调、以做到高效率、高质量、低成本.管理工作中虽有许多随机因素,但它可以用经典数学、模糊数学、统计数学等工具作定量描述,形成一门针对具体管理工作的 Now, management and management are two terms that often appear in the press. However, many people confuse management and management. In fact, the two concepts of operation and management have completely different meanings. Here we explain separately: There are three modern management systems. The highest level is the management level, the middle level is the management level (the management level is further divided into the middle management level and the basic level management level), and the lowest level is the operation level. First, talk about the concept of management. The management target is the management level, and the management level is the right level. Production has command, control, supervision, and coordination to achieve high efficiency, high quality, and low cost. Although there are many random factors in the management work, it can be described quantitatively using tools such as classical mathematics, fuzzy mathematics, and statistical mathematics. One for specific management work