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我们从1961年开始,在北京进行马铃薯品种退化的鉴定,结果指出:1.大多数品种在北京条件下连续春播都有程度不同的退化表现,一般早熟品种比中、晚熟品种更为严重。但,极早熟品种白头翁表现突出例外,虽经连续三年春播,仍与当年春播的产量不相上下。2.马铃薯对秋播效果的反应,因品种而异。从我们的试验中可以看出,愈是春播容易退化的品种,秋播留种时种性恢复愈明显;春播退化不明显的品种,则秋播的效果也不明显。3.经过二年春播的男爵种薯,其烘干率和淀粉率方面分别降低4%左右。白头翁品种虽然经过三年春播,种性既未显著退化,品质也没有明显降低。4.用北京秋播或连续春播与当年调种的材料所进行的生产示范试验,一致表明,白头翁、红纹白可以解决就地留种问题。5.我国马铃薯选种工作,也应象其它作物一样,应根据不同自然条件分区选育或鉴定出适应于当地栽培的品种,若能因地制宜,品种多样化,就有可能逐步解决我国马铃薯退化问题。
Since 1961, we conducted the identification of potato varieties in Beijing. The results showed that: 1. Most of the varieties showed different degrees of degeneration under continuous spring sowing in Beijing. Generally, the precocious varieties were more serious than the middle and late varieties. However, the extremely early species Pulsatilla outstanding outstanding performance, although the spring sowing for three consecutive years, is still comparable with the spring sowing output. 2. The response of potatoes to the effect of autumnal sowing depends on the breed. From our experiments, we can see that the more spring sowing easy to degenerate varieties, autumn sowing species recovery more obvious; spring sowing no obvious varieties, the effect of autumn sowing is not obvious. 3. After two years of baron seedlings in spring, the drying rate and starch rate decreased by about 4%. Pulsatilla varieties although spring sowing after three years, no significant degradation of the species, the quality is not significantly reduced. 4. Beijing autumn sowing or continuous spring sowing and planting of the year conducted by the production of demonstration tests, consistent that Pulsatilla, red and white lines can solve the problem of remaining on the spot. 5. China’s potato selection work should also be like other crops, should be based on different natural conditions breeding or identification of local varieties adapted to local culture if the local conditions, species diversity, it is possible to gradually solve the problem of potato degradation in China .