目的总结特发性炎症性肌病的临床表现,分析误诊原因,从而提高认识。方法回顾性分析1993年1月至2006年12月在我院确诊的特发性炎症性肌病的误诊情况。结果特发性炎症性肌病初诊时误诊为其他疾病共16例,误诊率高达22.22%。误诊疾病包括敏感性皮炎、药物疹、荨麻疹等皮肤疾病共6例(6/16),肺部病变5例(5/16),肝功能异常2例(2/16),风湿热2例(2/16),心律失常1例(1/16)。误诊病例的最后确诊时间从半月至6月不等。结论特发性炎症性肌病临床表现复杂,容易被误诊,尤其早期肌病不明显患者,临床上应引起重视。 Objective To summarize the clinical manifestations of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis so as to raise awareness. Methods The misdiagnosis status of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies diagnosed in our hospital from January 1993 to December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies misdiagnosed as misdiagnosed as 16 cases of other diseases, misdiagnosis rate as high as 22.22%. 6 cases (6/16) of skin diseases misdiagnosed including allergic dermatitis, drug rash and urticaria, 5 cases (5/16) of lung disease, 2 cases (2/16) of liver dysfunction, 2 cases of rheumatic fever (2/16), arrhythmia in 1 case (1/16). The final diagnosis of misdiagnosed cases ranging from half months to June. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are complicated and easily misdiagnosed, especially in patients with early myopathy, which should be paid more attention in clinic.