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目的探讨早产儿视网膜病(ROP)及其他常见眼科疾病的发病情况。方法眼科医师使用间接眼底镜对出生体重小于2000g的277例低体重儿进行眼底筛查,并把277例低体重儿按体重分为两组(小于1500g体重组和1500-1999g体重组),分析ROP、玻璃体混浊及视网膜出血的发病情况。结果277例小于2000g的低体重儿眼底筛查中,发现ROP19例(6.9%),其中Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期7例,阈值病变4例;发现视网膜出血35例(12.6%),其中3例周边视网膜出血随访证实为早产儿视网膜病变Ⅲ期;发现玻璃体混浊85例(30.7%)。体重<1500g组发生ROP、玻璃体混浊的几率明显高于1500-1999g组。视网膜出血发生率在不同体重比较无显著性差异,窒息患儿视网膜出血发生率30.51%与无窒息患儿发生率7.80%比较有显著性差异。结论玻璃体混浊成为低体重儿眼底筛查中最常见的问题;体重对ROP、玻璃体混浊的发生有显著影响;窒息与视网膜出血的发生相关;在窒息和低体重儿中开展眼底筛查对提高视力水平极为重要。
Objective To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other common eye diseases. Methods Ophthalmologists used indirect ophthalmoscopy to screen 277 children with low birth weight less than 2000 g and divided 277 children with low birth weight into two groups (less than 1500 g and 1500-1999 g) ROP, vitreous opacity and the incidence of retinal hemorrhage. Results 277 eyes (6.9%) with ROP were found in 277 eyes of less than 2000g. There were 8 cases in stage Ⅰ, 7 cases in stage Ⅱ and 4 cases of threshold lesion. 35 cases (12.6%) of retinal hemorrhage were found, of which 3 Follow-up of peripheral retinal hemorrhage was confirmed as stage Ⅲ retinopathy of prematurity. 85 cases (30.7%) of vitreous opacities were found. The incidence of ROP in body weight <1500g group was significantly higher than that in 1500-1999g group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of retinal hemorrhage between different weight groups. The incidence of retinal hemorrhage in children with asphyxia was 30.51% and that in children without asphyxia was 7.80%. Conclusions Vitreous opacity is the most common problem in fundus screening of low birth weight children. Body weight has a significant effect on the occurrence of ROP and vitreous opacity. Asphyxia is associated with the occurrence of retinal hemorrhage. Screening of eyes in asphyxiated and low birth weight children may improve visual acuity The level is extremely important.