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利用以春小麦品种ＡｐｒｉｌＢｅａｒｄｅｄ为背景的含有不同矮秆基因Ｒｈｔ１、Ｒｈｔ２、Ｒｈｔ３、Ｒｈｔ１＋Ｒｈｔ２和Ｒｈｔ２＋Ｒｈｔ３的５个近等基因系，研究了不同矮秆基因对小麦生长发育的作用。结果表明：Ｒｈｔ１半矮秆基因显著缩短了小麦植株生长发育进程，促进了地上部干物质积累，加大了旗叶面积和倒二叶面积，提高了单株成穗率，减少了无效分蘖；Ｒｈｔ２半矮秆基因显著增大了倒二叶面积，提高了单株成穗率和穗长，减少了无效分蘖；Ｒｈｔ３矮秆基因显著加大了旗叶面积，但对地上部干物质的积累、单株成穗和穗长均有显著的负向作用；Ｒｈｔ１＋Ｒｈｔ２基因结合没有突出的优势存在：Ｒｈｔ２和Ｒｈｔ３基因结合对有利于提高小麦产量性状的作用均为负向最大；上述３种矮秆基因及其不同的结合形式均有显著的使茎秆矮化的作用。因此认为Ｒｈｔ１半矮秆基因在小麦育种中利用价值较大，Ｒｈｔ３矮秆基因利用价值则较小。
The effects of different dwarf genes on the growth and development of wheat were studied using five near-isogenic lines with different dwarf genes Rht1, Rht2, Rht3, Rht1 + Rht2 and Rht2 + Rht3 under the background of AprilBearded spring wheat. The results showed that the Rht1 semi - dwarf gene significantly shortened the growth and development of wheat plants, promoted the accumulation of dry matter on shoots, increased the area of flag leaf and the area of inverted second leaf, increased the rate of spike per plant and decreased the number of ineffective tillers. Rht2 semi-dwarf gene significantly increased the area of the second leaf, increased the rate of plant ear and ear length, and reduced the ineffective tiller. Rht3 dwarf gene significantly increased the area of flag leaf, but increased the accumulation of dry matter , There was a significant negative effect on spikelet and spike length per plant. Rht1 + Rht2 gene combination had no prominent advantage: Rht2 and Rht3 gene combination had the most negative effect on the yield traits; the three dwarf Genes and their different combinations have significant dwarfing role of the stalk. Therefore, Rht1 semi-dwarfing gene is considered to be of great value in wheat breeding and Rht3 dwarfing gene utilization value is relatively small.