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目的:建立粒径法筛选微乳表面活性剂的方法。方法:表面活性剂的浓度在达到临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,体系的粒径会发生显著的变化。将达到CMC前体系的粒径定义为S1,达到CMC后,体系的粒径定义为S2。其变化值表示形成胶束能力的强弱,该值用E表示,为S1与S2的比值。通过比较表面活性剂的E,对微乳固体表面活性剂进行筛选。将筛选出的微乳固体表面活性剂制成微乳,并利用激光粒度仪测定该种微乳的粒径和Zeta电位,通过透射电镜观察其形态,设计家兔眼部刺激性试验评价其刺激性。结果:固体表面活性剂的乳化能力相对强弱依次为聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油RH40(cremophor RH40)>Kollicoat IR>聚乙烯醇(PVA)>β-环糊精(β-CD)>聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)>十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)>泊洛沙姆407>泊洛沙姆188>阿拉伯胶>PEG-CHO改性明胶B>骨制明胶B。以cremophor RH40为表面活性剂制备的微乳的粒径38.50 nm,Zeta电位-18.13 m V,透射电镜结果显示其形态圆整、分布均匀。该微乳对雄性家兔眼睛无刺激性,统计结果无显著性差异。结论:利用粒径法对微乳固体型表面活性剂进行筛选的方法合理、可行。
Objective: To establish a method of screening the microemulsion surfactant by particle size method. Methods: The particle size of the system changes significantly when the surfactant concentration reaches the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The particle size of the pre-CMC system is defined as S1, and after the CMC is reached, the particle size of the system is defined as S2. The change in value indicates the ability to form micelles, which is expressed as E, and is the ratio of S1 to S2. The microemulsion solid surfactants were screened by comparing the surfactant E’s. The selected microemulsion solid surfactant was made into microemulsion. The particle size and Zeta potential of the microemulsion were determined by laser particle sizer. The morphology of the microemulsion was observed by transmission electron microscope. The eye irritation test was designed to evaluate the stimulus Sex. Results: The relative emulsifying capacity of solid surfactant was as follows: cremophor RH40> Kollicoat IR> PVA> β-CD> Alcohol 4000 (PEG4000)> Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)> Poloxamer 407> Poloxamer 188> Gum Arabic> PEG-CHO Modified Gelatin B> Gelatin Bone. The microemulsion prepared with cremophor RH40 as surfactant had a particle size of 38.50 nm and a Zeta potential of -18.13 mV. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the microemulsion had a round and uniform distribution. The microemulsion male rabbits eyes irritation, the statistical results no significant difference. Conclusion: It is reasonable and feasible to use the particle size method to screen the microemulsion solid surfactant.