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在欧元区实行统一货币政策的背景下,各成员国的财政政策必须受到必要的限制。从《罗马条约》规定的收敛标准,到《马约》规定的财政趋同标准,再到《稳定与增长公约》制定的财政约束规则,核心都是为成员国设定财政赤字和公债余额占GDP的比重不超过3%和60%的上限指标,以此保证欧元区的财政安全。财政约束规则还进一步完善了超过上限的豁免条款和过度赤字程序。然而,由于其惩罚措施的强制性不足,欧洲债务危机还是不期而至。应对欧洲债务危机的主要方案是提供财政救援,根本对策则是通过财政契约来加强财政纪律。
In the context of the implementation of a unified monetary policy in the euro area, the financial policies of all member states must be subject to the necessary restrictions. From the convergence criteria stipulated in the “Treaty of Rome” to the standard of financial convergence set out in the “Treaty of Mayo” to the “fiscal restraint rules” set forth in the “Stability Pact and the Convention on Growth,” the core is to set fiscal deficits and the balance of public debt to the member countries in terms of GDP The proportion of not more than 3% and 60% of the upper limit indicators, in order to ensure the financial security of the euro area. The fiscal restraint rules further improve the exemption clauses above the cap and the deficit procedure. However, due to the compulsory lack of punitive measures, the debt crisis in Europe still unexpectedly. The main solution to the debt crisis in Europe is to provide financial assistance. The fundamental solution is to strengthen financial discipline through fiscal contracts.