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目的了解北京市农村4~12月龄婴儿喂养现状。方法采取随机抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法,选择北京市中等收入经济发展水平的4个乡镇,结合乡镇卫生院的母子健康档案,选取4~12月龄的婴儿及其主要喂养人进行问卷调查,调查婴儿的母乳喂养以及辅食、调味品等的使用情况。结果共调查北京市农村4个乡镇137名婴儿,其中128名婴儿为部分或纯母乳喂养,婴儿母乳喂养率为93.43%,4个月内纯母乳喂养率为43.07%。自觉乳汁不足、因上班不能保证哺乳时间和因病不能喂养是非纯母乳喂养的主要原因,分别占71.79%(56/78)、10.26%(8/78)和7.69%(6/78)。16.06%的婴儿辅食添加时间不当,其中分别有8.76%、7.30%的婴儿辅食开始添加时间过早或过晚。有36.3%(45/124)的婴儿经常食用盐和香油等调味品。结论北京市农村部分4~12月龄婴儿的4个月内纯母乳喂养率较低,辅食添加时间不当及过多食用调味品是婴儿喂养的主要问题,应该大力宣传婴幼儿喂养知识,通过实施健康干预项目,改善北京农村地区婴儿喂养中存在的问题。
Objective To understand the current situation of infant feeding in rural areas of Beijing aged 4 ~ 12 months. Methods A total of 4 villages and towns with middle-income economic development in Beijing were selected by combining random sampling with cluster sampling. According to the maternal and child health records of township hospitals, 4 to 12-month-old infants and their main feeders were selected for questionnaire Investigate, investigate infant breastfeeding and use of complementary foods, condiments, etc. Results A total of 137 infants were investigated in 4 villages and towns in rural Beijing. Among them, 128 infants were partially or exclusively breastfed. The rate of breast-feeding in infants was 93.43%. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in 4 months was 43.07%. Lack of conscious milk, unable to guarantee breastfeeding time due to work, and unable to feed due to illness were the main reasons for non-exclusive breastfeeding, accounting for 71.79% (56/78), 10.26% (8/78) and 7.69% (6/78) respectively. 16.06% of infant feeding time improper, of which 8.76%, respectively, 7.30% of baby food supplement began to add too early or too late. 36.3% (45/124) infants often consumed condiments such as salt and sesame oil. Conclusions In rural areas of Beijing for 4 to 12 months, infants who had low exclusive breastfeeding rates for 4 months, improper time for supplementary food intake, and excessive consumption of condiments were the main problems of infant feeding. Knowledge of infant and young child feeding should be vigorously promoted through implementation Health intervention programs to improve infant feeding in Beijing rural areas.