,Bending the laws of optics with metamaterials: an interview with John Pendry

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Metamaterials show us that natures laws might not always be as fixed as they seem to be.One of the laws of optics,for example,states that a light ray passing from one transparent medium to another-air to water orglass,say-is bent at the interface by an amount that depends on the so-called refractive indices of the two media.And all transparent materials have a refractive index greater than that of a vacuum (or,roughly speaking,of air),which is set equal to 1.Or do they? In the 1960s,the Russian physicist Victor Veselago explained what would be needed,in theory,for a material to have a refractive index that is not only less than 1 but in fact negative,so that it bends light the ‘wrong way’.
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