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作为一种政治组织形式,现代国家与其他政治组织形式相比具有自己的独特性。马克斯·韦伯认为对合法使用暴力权利的垄断将国家和其他的政治组织区分开来,而科层制可以使统治团体在其统治区域内卓有成效地垄断这一权利。作为理性化权威的载体,现代国家正是“那种借助科层制的行政管理班子进行的统治。”作为“现代性”在国家建设中最集中的体现,常备军、征税机构和法院及警察机构的建立和完善分别反映了军事制度、财政制度与司法制度的科层化。正确理解现代国家的涵义,对当前中国全面深化改革具有重要的意义。
As a form of political organization, the modern state has its own uniqueness compared with other forms of political organization. Max Weber argued that the monopoly of the legitimate use of violent rights separates the state from other political organizations, while the bureaucratic hierarchy allows the dominant group to monopolize this right in its area of domination. As a carrier of the authority of reason, the modern state is precisely the kind of rule that has been carried out by the administrative team under the bureaucracy. “As the most concentrated manifestation of the” modernity "in the nation’s construction, the standing army and tax collection agencies And the establishment and improvement of courts and police agencies reflect the bureaucracy of the military system, the fiscal system and the judicial system, respectively. Correct understanding of the meaning of the modern state is of great significance to the overall deepening of the reform in China.